Abstract
The effect of β-glucans 1,3/1,6 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast at different inclusion percentages (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%) in the diet for tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae was evaluated on growth, digestive enzyme activity and, relative expression of the immune system genes. The bioassay started on the third day after hatching (DAH) and lasted 21 days, using a total of 1500 larvae of 0.055 ± 0.008 g and, a total length of 2.46 ± 0.26 cm. Larviculture was carried out in a recirculation system with 15 tanks of 70 L using a density of 100 organisms per experimental unit. No significant differences in larval growth were observed by the inclusion of β-glucans (p > 0.05). Digestive enzymes showed changes in lipase and trypsin activities, presenting higher values in fish fed 0.6% and 0.8% β-glucans diets compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). Leucine-aminopeptidase, chymotrypsin, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase activity showed higher activities in larvae fed with a 0.4% β-glucan diet compared to the control group. The relative expression of intestinal membrane integrity (mucin 2) muc-2, (occludins) occ, (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) nod-2, and immune system lys (lysosome) genes showed over-expression in larvae fed the 0.4% β-glucan diet to the rest of the treatments (p < 0.05). The inclusion of β-glucans at 0.4–0.6% in diets for A. tropicus larvae could improve larviculture, as effects on the increase in the activity of several digestive enzymes and the expression of genes of the immune system.
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Funding
This research was funded by the National Council on Science and Technology (CONACYT) in Mexico, grant number CB-2016–01-282765. This study was carried out with the collaboration of Red CYTED LARVAplus (117RT0521). L.A.C-R. acknowledges the National Council on Science and Technology (CONACYT, Mexico) for the master fellowship No. 1078719.
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Conceptualization, L.A.C-R., F.J.T-S., and C.A.A-G.; methodology, S.A.F-G., C.S.A-V., R.G-Z.; formal analysis, L.A.C-R., F.J.T-S., S.C–C., R.M-G.; writing—original draft preparation: L.A.C-R.; writing—review and editing, all authors of the manuscript.
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Animals were handled in compliance with the Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-062-ZOO-1999 from Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación, the Mexican standards for good welfare practices of laboratory animals.
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Cigarroa-Ruiz, L.A., Toledo-Solís, F.J., Frías-Gómez, S.A. et al. Addition of β-glucans in diets for tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae: effects on growth, digestive enzymes and gene expression of intestinal epithelial integrity and immune system. Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 613–626 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01207-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01207-3