Abstract
The present work aims to evaluate the tolerance, osmoregulation, metabolism, and antioxidant ability of saline water immersed grass goldfish (Carassius auratus) during the recovery in freshwater. Grass goldfish (38.15 ± 5.48g) acclimated in freshwater were immersed by salinities (0‰, 20‰ and 30‰) for different time durations (10, 20, 30 and 60 min); and the physiological responses were measured during freshwater recovery. The blood osmolalities were not significantly different at any group fish, while whereas the decline of Na+ concentration and the ratio of Na+/Cl- as well as the rise of Cl- concentration was observed in saline treated fish. Soon after freshwater recovery, the transcription of NKA-α and NKA-β mRNA in gills of salinity 20 immersed fish elevated significantly and then decreased, whereas no obvious changes were detected in salinity 30 treated fish. Till 24h post freshwater recovery, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activities in saline treated fish were lower than control group except for the fish immersed by salinity 20 for 10–30 min. At 24h of recovery, cortisol levels in salinity 20 immersed fish were lower than salinity 30 treated fish, but remained higher than control. As for serum lactic acid, fish treated by salinity 20 for 10 or 20 min did not show any fluctuation. However, higher lactic acid contents were detected in all other five salinity treated groups during recovery. Generally, at 24 h of recovery, salinity 20 treated fish exhibited higher SOD and CAT activities than fish immersed by salinity 30. In summary, grass goldfish could survive by immersion in salinity 20 less than 60 min or salinity 30 less than 30min, even though immersion by salinity 20 could minimize the negative effects.
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The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the first author upon request.
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This work was supported by Beijing Fishery Innovation Team and China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-45).
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Xiao-wen Wang: Conceptualization, Project administration, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing. Hui-juan Li: Formal analysis. Rong Zhang: Formal analysis. Li-li Liu: Formal analysis. Hua Zhu: Resources, Supervision.
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Wang, X., Li, H., Zhang, R. et al. Effects of saline immersion on the physiological alterations of grass goldfish (Carassius auratus) during subsequent recovery in freshwater. Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 455–470 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01187-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01187-4