Abstract
Acute hypoxia is a common stress in aquaculture, and causes energy deficiency, oxidative damage and death in fish. Many studies have confirmed that acute hypoxia activated hif1α expression, anaerobic glycolysis and antioxidant system in fish, but the effects of acute hypoxia on lipid and protein metabolism, organelle damage, and the functions of hif2α and hif3α in economic fishes have not been well evaluated. In the present study, turbot was exposed to acute hypoxia (2.0 ± 0.5 mg/L) for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively. Then, the contents of hemoglobin (HB), metabolite, gene expressions of hifα isoforms, energy homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis were measured. The results suggested that turbot is intolerant to acute hypoxia and the asphyxiation point is about 1.5 mg/L. Acute hypoxia induced perk-mediated ER stress, and increased lipid peroxidation and liver injury in turbot. The blood HB level and liver vegfab expression were increased under hypoxia, which enhances oxygen transport. At hypoxia stress, hif3α, anaerobic glycolysis-related genes expression, and lactate content were increased in the liver, and glycogen was broken down to ensure ATP supply. Meanwhile, hif2α, lipid synthesis-related genes expression, and TG content were increased in the liver, but the lipid catabolism and protein synthesis were suppressed during hypoxia, which reduced the oxygen consumption and ROS generation. Our results systematically illustrate the metabolic and physiological changes under acute hypoxia in turbot, and provide important guidance to improve hypoxia tolerance in fish.
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Funding
This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713471), Applied Research Program for Post-doctors of Qingdao (2021), Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS (2020TD48), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972803).
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QM designed the experiment and wrote the manuscript. ML revised the manuscript. HX performed the experiments. YW analyzed the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ma, Q., Xu, H., Wei, Y. et al. Effects of acute hypoxia on nutrient metabolism and physiological function in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Fish Physiol Biochem 50, 367–383 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01154-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01154-5