Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and has been widely identified in diverse species. Gymnocypris przewalskii is a native fish of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau that survives in a chronically cold environment. In the current study, we conducted genome-wide identification of PPAR genes, revealing the existence of seven PPARs in the G. przewalskii genome. Collinearity was observed between two copies of PPARαb and PPARγ in G. przewalskii, suggesting that the additional copy might be gained through whole genome duplication. Both phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignment analyses indicated that PPARs in G. przewalskii were conserved with teleosts. The cold treatment (10 °C and 4 °C) led to the developmental delay of G. przewalskii embryos. Continuous expression of PPARs was observed during the embryonic development of G. przewalskii under normal and cold conditions, with significantly different transcriptional patterns. These results indicated that PPARs participated in the embryonic development of G. przewalskii, and were involved in the cold response during development. The current study proposed a potential role of PPARs in the cold response in the embryonic development of G. przewalskii, which shed light on understanding cold adaptation in Tibetan highland fish.
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This work was supported by National Science Foundation of China (31700325), Science Foundation of Qinghai Province (2021-ZJ-949Q), CAS “Light of West China” Program, joint foundation from Chinese Academy of Sciences-People’s Government of Qinghai Province on Sanjiangyuan National Park (LHZX-2020–01), the Genebank of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biota (2021-SF-SWZX01), and Sino BON-Inland Water Fish Diversity Observation Network.
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FT, SL, and KZ conceived, designed, and supervised the study and revised the manuscript. XL and SL conducted gene family identification and expression analysis. XL and FT prepared the draft. DQ performed phylogenetic and statistical analyses. HQ and YW carried out sampling and RNA purification. All authors commented on the manuscript and were involved in the interpretation of the preliminary results.
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Larva from the control group and the cold treatments were euthanized with 200 mg/L MS222 (Sigma, USA). All the animal experiments were conducted according to the guidelines described in the “Guidelines for Animal Care and Use” manual (permit number: NWIPB20210201) approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Li, X., Liu, S., Qi, D. et al. Genome-wide identification and expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene family in the Tibetan highland fish Gymnocypris przewalskii. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 1685–1699 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01152-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01152-7