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Moringa oleifera alleviated oxidative stress, physiological and molecular disruption induced by acute thermal stress in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

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Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) supplementation against high temperature-induced stress in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 180 apparent healthy juvenile grass carp (15.48 g ± 0.054) were divided into three groups in triplicate (20 fish in each replicate). Fish were fed with diets containing 0, 1, and 5% MLM for 60 days and then subjected to a high-temperature challenge for 48 h (32–33 °C). The results revealed that feeding fish with 1 and 5% MLM resulted in a significant increase in weight gain and specific growth rate compared to the control. In addition, feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced in groups fed with MLM. No significant difference was reported in the serum cortisol level among different experimental groups before heat stress while serum glucose level significantly decreased in fish fed with 5% MLM. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased in fish fed with 1 and 5% MLM before and after heat stress. Hepatic lipid peroxidation significantly decreased in fish fed with MLM for 60 days. A non-significant increase in hepatic reduced glutathione level was reported in fish fed with 1 and 5% MLM before heat stress. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities increased significantly in the liver of fish fed with 5% MLM. No significant change was observed in the expression profile of heat shock protein (hsp) 70 and 90 before heat stress. Meanwhile, after heat stress, up to a fivefold increase was recorded in mRNA level of hsp 70 and fourfold increase in the expression level of hsp 90 in the liver of the control fish which were not fed with MLM-supplemented diets. Fish fed with 1 and 5% MLM showed a significant decrease in the expression of hsp 70 and a non-significant decrease in the expression of hsp 90. Results of the present study suggest that supplementing the diet of grass carp with 5% MLM could improve growth and physiological performance and provide resistance against high temperature-induced stress.

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Data availability

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Mehwish Faheem

  2. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Saba Khaliq

  3. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Rao Zahid Abbas

  4. Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abdallah Tageldein Mansour

  5. Department of Fish and Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21531, Alexandria, Egypt

    Abdallah Tageldein Mansour

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  1. Mehwish Faheem
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  2. Saba Khaliq
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  3. Rao Zahid Abbas
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Contributions

Conceptualization, MF and SK; methodology, MF; validation, ATM; formal analysis, MF, ATM; resources, SK; visualization, ATM; writing—original draft preparation, MF, RZA; writing—review and editing, ATM. All the authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mehwish Faheem.

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The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Departmental Board of Studies of Government College University (Zool-7–932/21).

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Faheem, M., Khaliq, S., Abbas, R.Z. et al. Moringa oleifera alleviated oxidative stress, physiological and molecular disruption induced by acute thermal stress in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 1463–1473 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01147-4

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