Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and physiological stress responses including oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii (initial weight 0.88 ± 0.01 g) fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing different lipid sources were formulated: fish oil (FO), palm oil (PO), linseed oil (LO), and soybean oil (SO), respectively. Results indicated that fish fed HFD supplemented with FO significantly improved growth than SO treatment. The high concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were found in HFD supplemented with SO. Fish fed dietary LO supplementation showed significantly lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein contents than those in SO group. Likewise, hepatic paraffin section analysis indicated that HFD with PO or SO supplementation increased fat drop. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (pparα) and silent regulator 1 (sirt1) were significantly elevated by HFD with FO or LO supplementation. Additionally, the key marker of OS malonaldehyde was significantly increased in FO and SO groups. ERS-related genes were activated in dietary PO or SO supplementation and, hence, triggering inflammation and apoptosis by promoting the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (jnk). Overall, the present study reveals that lipid metabolic disorders and physiological stress caused by a HFD have significant lipid source-dependent effects, which have important guiding significance for the use of HFD in marine fish.
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Abbreviations
- ALT:
-
Alanine transaminase
- AST:
-
Aspartate aminotransferase
- atf6 :
-
Activating transcription factor 6
- bax :
-
Bcl2-associated X
- bcl-2 :
-
B cell leukemia 2
- Cu/Zn-sod :
-
Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase
- DHA:
-
Docosahexaenoic
- EPA:
-
Eicosapentaenoic acid
- ERS:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- FO:
-
Fish oil
- FW:
-
Final weight
- gpx:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- grp78 :
-
Glucose regulated protein 78
- GSH-px:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- HDL-C:
-
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HFD:
-
High-fat diet
- il-10 :
-
Interleukin-10
- il-1β :
-
Interleukin-1β
- ire1α :
-
Inositol requiring enzyme-1 ɑ;
- IW:
-
Initial weight
- jnk :
-
C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LC-PUFA:
-
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid
- LDL-C:
-
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LO:
-
Linseed oil
- MDA:
-
Malonaldehyde
- Mn-sod :
-
Mn superoxide dismutase
- n-3 PUFA:
-
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
- n-6 PUFA:
-
Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid
- nf-κb :
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- OS:
-
Oxidative stress
- PO:
-
Palm oil
- pparα :
-
Perixisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha
- SGR:
-
Specific growth ratio
- sirt1 :
-
Silent regulator 1
- SO:
-
Soybean oil
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- SR:
-
Survival rate;
- srebp-1 :
-
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1
- TC:
-
Total cholesterol
- TG:
-
Triglyceride
- tgfβ :
-
Transforming growth factor β
- tnfα :
-
Tumor necrosis factor α
- UPR:
-
Unfolded protein response
- Vos:
-
Vegetable oils
- WG:
-
Weight gain
- xbp-1 :
-
X-box binding protein 1
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Funding
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31802303), National Key R & D Program of China (2018YFD0900400), Scientific Research Foundation of Ningbo University (XYL20007), Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang (SJLY2021007), the Open Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Aquaculture in Ningbo University, and K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
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Qicun Zhou and Min Jin: conceptualization, methodology, validation and supervision; Yuedong Shen, Xuejiao Li, Yangguang Bao, and Tingting Zhu: formal analysis, software, validation; Zhaoxun Wu, Bingqian Yang, and Lefei Jiao: resources; Yuedong Shen: writing—original draft; Qicun Zhou and Min Jin: writing—reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Shen, Y., Li, X., Bao, Y. et al. Lipid metabolic disorders and physiological stress caused by a high-fat diet have lipid source-dependent effects in juvenile black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 955–971 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01095-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01095-z