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Significance of extrinsic factors for the optimization of dietary cobalt supplementation in Tor putitora fingerlings

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Abstract

Extrinsic factors play a significant role during aquaculture feed manufacturing practices. Herein, a 90-day feeding trial was designed in triplicate under controlled environmental conditions to evaluate the efficiency of different chemical forms of dietary cobalt at different dosage levels on growth performance, hematological, and immunological indices of Tor putitora fingerlings. Firstly, cobalt chloride nanoparticles (Co-NPs) and cobalt methionine chelated complex (Co-Met) were synthesized via physical and chemical methods respectively and then characterized for their size, surface morphology, and elemental composition analysis by using X-rays diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicated the crystalline nature of Co-NPs with spherical shape having an average size < 20 nm while Co-Met appeared as an amorphous complex with a honey-comb-like octahedral structure with an average size of 82.69 nm. Afterward, a feeding experiment was executed and fish were divided into three groups, i.e., control group (CG; fed 40% crude protein diet with no mineral added), while the other two groups were fed graded levels (0.5–3 mg/kg; increment of 0.5 mg Co/group) of Co-NPs and Co-Met supplemented diets. Statistical analysis of results by using two-way ANOVA indicated significant (P < 0.001) effect of both chemical forms, dosage levels, and their interaction level on fish indicating a dose-dependent significant effect of different chemical forms of dietary cobalt on fish. Additionally, Co-Met supplemented group of fish at supplementation level of 3 mg/kg diet showed highest growth performance, and improved hemato-immunological as compared to other experimental and control group of fish.

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    Naima Younus & Amina Zuberi

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The first author of the manuscript (Dr. Naima Younus) has planned, conducted the experimental work, analyzed the results, and prepared the manuscript, while the second author (Dr. Amina Zuberi) had helped in designing of research, analyzing of results, and helped in statistical analysis and interpretation and finalizing the final version of the manuscript.

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Younus, N., Zuberi, A. Significance of extrinsic factors for the optimization of dietary cobalt supplementation in Tor putitora fingerlings. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 883–897 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01089-x

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