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Phylogeny of the HO family in cyprinus carpio and the response of the HO-1 gene to adding Bacillus coagulans in feed under Cd2+ stress

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Abstract

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd2+) is an environmental pollutant that poses serious health hazards. Due to the increasing contamination of aquatic systems with Cd2+, the increased accumulation of Cd2+ in fish has become a food safety and public health concern. Heme oxygenase (HO) is an important antioxidant enzyme that plays a key role in defending the body against oxidative damage, but little research has been done in common carp. In this study, 6 HO genes were identified in the common carp genome database. Comparative genomics analysis showed considerable expansion of the HO genes and verified the four-round whole genome duplication (WGD) event in common carp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all HO genes of common carp were clustered into orthologous groups, indicating high conservation during evolution. In addition, the tissue distribution results showed that most HO genes had extensive tissue distribution and showed tissue-specific expression patterns. Exposure to 0.5 mg/L Cd2+ significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β and IL-10 in common carp, which may indicate that Cd2+ exposure can destroy the physical barrier function of the intestine, inhibit intestinal immune defense and induce intestinal inflammation. To find a suitable concentration of Bacillus coagulans that could activate HO-1 genes and the immunity of the organism, we investigated the changes in HO-1 gene expression levels in the intestinal tract of common carp under Cd2+ stress at 30 days and 60 days by adding different concentrations of B. coagulans to the feed. Compared with the Cd2+ stress group without supplementation, the expression levels of the HO-1 gene in the gut of three different concentrations of B. coagulans were almost increased. And B. coagulans with L2 concentrations had better activation effect on the HO-1 gene. Similarly, compared to the Cd2+ stressed group, adding B. coagulans to the diet can almost cause the early upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β genes. Therefore, the addition of appropriate concentrations of B. coagulans may be a good way to activate HO-1, IL-10, and TGF-β genes, reduce oxidative damage, and encourage the immune.

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Data availability

All HO gene sequences were deposited in the NCBI database with the continuous accession numbers MZ286949-MZ286954.

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Acknowledgements

This study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801032).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of law / College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China

    Zhou Jiang, Meng Zhang, Kaiyue Liu, Yaguo Xue, Xuejun Li & Chuanju Dong

  2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Yaguo Xue & Chuanju Dong

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  1. Zhou Jiang
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  2. Meng Zhang
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  3. Kaiyue Liu
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  4. Yaguo Xue
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Contributions

Chuanju Dong conceived the project and designed the scientific objectives. Zhou Jiang, Kaiyue Liu and Meng Zhang collected and prepared the fish samples. Zhou Jiang, Yaguo Xue and Chuanju Dong conducted the experiment and finished bioinformatics analysis. Chuanju Dong and Zhou Jiang prepared the manuscript. Chuanju Dong and Xuejun Li revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xuejun Li or Chuanju Dong.

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This study was conducted under the permission of the Animal Conservation and Utilization Committee of Fisheries College of Henan Normal University. Common carp were treated appropriately to minimize suffering.

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Jiang, Z., Zhang, M., Liu, K. et al. Phylogeny of the HO family in cyprinus carpio and the response of the HO-1 gene to adding Bacillus coagulans in feed under Cd2+ stress. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 117–131 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-01041-5

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