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Effects of salinity on gills’ chloride cells, stress indices, and gene expression of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch, 1790)

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Abstract

A 2-week research was carried out to assess water salinity (WS) effects including 0, 15, 35, and 50‰ on osmoregulatory mechanisms and stress indices in Asian sea bass (34.4 g) juveniles. Except for fish reared at 50‰, in the other treatments, it gradually decreased to the prescribed WS during a 10-day period (− 5‰ a day). After a 10-day acclimation period, fish were reared at the prescribed WS for 2 weeks. Fish reared at 15 and 35‰ had higher chloride cell (CC) counts in the interlamellar region. The number of CC in the interlamellar region elevated with increment of WS up to 35‰, but they were pronouncedly reduced in 50‰ group. The diameter of CC in the interlamellar region was not affected by WS. The smallest nucleus diameter of CC in the interlamellar region was observed in fish reared at 15‰ (P < 0.05). The largest and the smallest amounts of serum aspartate aminotransferase were observed in fish reared at freshwater and 15‰, respectively. Fish reared at 35‰ had the highest serum sodium and potassium contents. Serum chloride content and total osmolality increased with increment of WS (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol and glucose contents gradually increased with elevation of WS up to 35‰; then, their contents remarkably decreased. The relative expression of insulin like growth factor-1 in the liver of fish reared at 35‰ was strikingly higher than that in the other groups. The relative expression of HSP70 gene in fresh water group was pronouncedly elevated compared to other treatments. The relative expression of interleukin-1β in 15 and 35‰ groups was higher than that in the other groups; however, the relative expression of lysozyme gene in the liver of fish reared at fresh water was pronouncedly lower than that in the other treatments. The results of this study suggested rearing L. calcarifer at 15‰ closer to the isosmotic point and better provide its welfare.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This research has been financially supported by Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran. The authors would like to thank the staff at Mariculture Research Station of the Persian Gulf Research Institute (PGRI) for providing juvenile fish and the rearing facilities for this experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Persian Gulf Research Institute, University of Persian Gulf, 7516913798, Bushehr, Iran

    Maryam Azodi, Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi, Ahmad Ghasemi, Vahid Morshedi, Shirin Hamedi & Sakineh Avizhgan

  2. Department of Fisheries and Biology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, 7516913798, Bushehr, Iran

    Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi

  3. Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Ahwaz, Iran

    Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh

  4. Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran

    Raheleh Shahraki

  5. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran

    Omid Khademzadeh

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  1. Maryam Azodi
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Contributions

All persons listed as authors have read, contributed to preparing the manuscript as given below:

Maryam Azodi, Sakineh Avizhgan and Ahmad Ghasemi carried out fish maintenance and sample collection. Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi carried out experimental design and statistical analyses. Vahid Morshedi carried out digestive enzymes analyses. Raheleh Shahraki, Omid Khademzadeh, and Shirin Hamedi carried out antioxidant enzyme analyses. Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh carried out data interpretation.

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Correspondence to Vahid Morshedi or Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh.

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This study was carried out in accordance with the principle of the Basel Declaration and recommendations of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at University of Tabriz, the FVM.REC.1396.939. The protocol was approved by the FVM.REC.1396.939.

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Azodi, M., Bahabadi, M.N., Ghasemi, A. et al. Effects of salinity on gills’ chloride cells, stress indices, and gene expression of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch, 1790). Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 2027–2039 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-01024-6

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