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Mechanisms and the role of probiotic Bacillus in mitigating fish pathogens in aquaculture

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Abstract

Diseases are natural components of the environment, and many have economic implications for aquaculture and fisheries. Aquaculture is a fast-growing industry with the aim to meet the high protein demand of the ever-increasing global population; however, the emergence of diseases is a major setback to the industry. Probiotics emerged as a better solution to curb the disease problem in aquaculture among many alternatives. Probiotic Bacillus has been proven to better combat a wide range of fish pathogens relative to other probiotics in aquaculture; therefore, understanding the various mechanisms used by Bacillus in combating diseases will help improve their mode of action hence yielding better results in their combat against pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Thus, an overview of the mechanisms (production of bacteriocins, suppression of virulence gene expression, competition for adhesion sites, production of lytic enzymes, production of antibiotics, immunostimulation, competition for nutrients and energy, and production of organic acids) used by Bacillus probiotics in mitigating fish pathogens ranging from Aeromonas, Vibrio, Streptococcus, Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Edwardsiella, Flavobacterium, white spot syndrome virus, and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus proven to be mitigated by Bacillus have been provided.

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Funding

The study is supported by Shenzhen strategic emerging and future industrial development funds (20170426231005389).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China

    Felix K. A. Kuebutornye, Yishan Lu, Michael Essien Sakyi, Zhiwen Wang, Yuan Li & Cai Xia Xie

  2. Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China

    Felix K. A. Kuebutornye, Yishan Lu, Michael Essien Sakyi, Zhiwen Wang, Yuan Li & Cai Xia Xie

  3. Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China

    Felix K. A. Kuebutornye, Yishan Lu, Michael Essien Sakyi, Zhiwen Wang, Yuan Li & Cai Xia Xie

  4. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China

    Felix K. A. Kuebutornye, Yishan Lu, Michael Essien Sakyi, Zhiwen Wang, Yuan Li & Cai Xia Xie

  5. Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China

    Felix K. A. Kuebutornye, Yishan Lu, Michael Essien Sakyi, Zhiwen Wang, Yuan Li & Cai Xia Xie

  6. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China

    Felix K. A. Kuebutornye, Yishan Lu, Michael Essien Sakyi, Zhiwen Wang, Yuan Li & Cai Xia Xie

  7. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana

    Emmanuel Delwin Abarike

  8. Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China

    Vivian Hlordzi

  9. Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China

    Gyamfua Afriyie

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Kuebutornye, F.K.A., Abarike, E.D., Lu, Y. et al. Mechanisms and the role of probiotic Bacillus in mitigating fish pathogens in aquaculture. Fish Physiol Biochem 46, 819–841 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00754-y

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