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Fish response to hypoxia stress: growth, physiological, and immunological biomarkers

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Abstract

Water quality encompasses the water physical, biological, and chemical parameters. It generally affects the fish growth and welfare. Thus, the success of a commercial aquaculture project depends on supplying the optimum water quality for prompt fish growth at the minimum cost of resources. Although the aquaculture environment is a complicated system, depending on various water quality variables, only less of them have a critical role. One of these vital parameters is dissolved oxygen (DO) level, which requires continuous oversight in aquaculture systems. In addition, the processes of natural stream refinement require suitable DO levels in order to extend for aerobic life forms. The depletion of DO concentration (called hypoxia) in pond water causes great stress on fish where DO levels that remain below 1–2 mg/L for a few hours can adversely affect fish growth resulting in fish death. Furthermore, hypoxia has substantial effects on fish physiological and immune responses, making them more susceptible to diseases. Therefore, to avoid disease outbreak in modern aquaculture production systems where fish are intensified and more crowded, increasing attention should be taken into account on DO levels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt

    Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab & Mohamed N. Monier

  2. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

    Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar

  3. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Caterina Faggio

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  1. Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
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  3. Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
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  4. Caterina Faggio
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Abdel-Tawwab, M., Monier, M.N., Hoseinifar, S.H. et al. Fish response to hypoxia stress: growth, physiological, and immunological biomarkers. Fish Physiol Biochem 45, 997–1013 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00614-9

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