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Cadmium exposure affects the expression of genes involved in skeletogenesis and stress response in gilthead sea bream larvae

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Abstract

Gilthead sea bream larvae (Sparus aurata) aged 47 days post hatching (dph) (11.6–12.8 mg in wet weight) were exposed to several sublethal concentrations of Cd2+ (0.1, 5 and 10 mg/L) during 6 days in order to investigate the effects of this heavy metal on the expression of selected genes involved in detoxification (metallothionein-mt, glutathione peroxidase 1-gpx1), stress response (heat shock protein 70-hsp70, tumour necrosis factor α-tnfα) and ossification (osteocalcin-oc) processes. For this purpose, specimens of 47 dph were exposed first for 72 h from 0.1 to 20 mg/L of Cd2+ in order to evaluate the median lethal concentration (LC50) for this metal, which was determined at 15.32 mg/L. Considering the results regarding the relative transcript levels of gpx1 and hsp70, Cd2+ at any of the tested levels (0.1, 5 and 10 mg/L) did not induce oxidative stress in gilthead sea bream larvae, whereas relative transcript levels of mt were increased at 5 and 10 mg/L of Cd2+ probably to detoxify this metal excess. Relative transcript levels of tnfα were not level dependent and were down-regulated in larvae exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L of Cd2+. At those concentrations, transcript levels of oc were down-regulated suggesting a disruption in bone mineralization. Results from this study provided insights in some molecular mechanisms underlying Cd2+-induced toxicity in fish at early stages of development. This is the first study to show that cadmium contamination can depress oc expression in teleosts.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to express their gratitude to S. Molas, M. Matas and M. Monllaó for fish larval rearing, A. Estévez for generously donating the fish for experimental purposes and M. Banni for providing help in statistics. This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICIIN, projects: AGL2005-02478, AGL2008-03897-C04-01) and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technology. M. J. Darias was supported by a Juan de la Cierva post-doctoral contract.

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  1. Laboratoire LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia

    Asma Sassi, Khaled Said & Imed Messaoudi

  2. IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poblenou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain

    Maria José Darias & Enric Gisbert

  3. IRD, UMR 226 ISE-M, 361 rue Jean François Breton BP 5095, 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Maria José Darias

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  1. Asma Sassi
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Sassi, A., Darias, M.J., Said, K. et al. Cadmium exposure affects the expression of genes involved in skeletogenesis and stress response in gilthead sea bream larvae. Fish Physiol Biochem 39, 649–659 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9727-9

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