Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutrition and feeding research in the spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) and bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus), new species for marine aquaculture

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry volume 35, pages 69–80 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

The spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) and bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) are fish species from the tropical Eastern Pacific for which controlled production of larvae and juveniles has been accomplished in recent years. Diverse topics relating to their biology and aquaculture production are currently under study, in particular the nutrition and feeding aspects required to formulate practical feeds and rearing protocols. Improvements in larval growth and survival are possible by feeding live food organisms with natural or enhanced essential fatty acids content and highly digestible artificial microdiets. The ontogeny of the digestive tract and the expression and activity of digestive enzymes have been described for S. annulatus larvae. The effect of various protein and lipid levels on growth and feed utilization has been studied in juvenile and on-growing fish. Both species have carnivorous feeding habits and require high levels of protein in their diets, from 40% to 45% (dry weight) in spotted rose snapper and above 50% in bullseye puffer, with the younger stages requiring the highest protein levels. Encouraging results have been obtained in feeding experiments with different sources of dietary protein from animal and plant origin to evaluate their suitability as feed ingredients in practical diets. Optimization of fish culture practices through feeding management has also been investigated. Trials with various fish densities and feeding frequencies in intensive culture systems are providing information to improve feed utilization and growth in on-growing fish. Further research is underway to evaluate factors in broodstock nutrition which have an impact on egg and larval quality, and into the use of various commercially available oil sources in on-growing diets. In this paper, the results on nutrition and feeding research with both species are reviewed and research needs to support their commercial production in the region are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  • Abdo-de la Parra I, García-Ortega A, Martínez I, González B, Velasco G, Hernández C, Duncan N (2001) Larval rearing of the Mexican bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus under hatchery conditions. In: Hendry CI, van Stappen G, Wille M, Sorgeloos P (eds) Larvi’01— Fish and Shellfish Larviculture Symposium, Ghent, September 2001. European Aquaculture Society, Special Publication No. 30, Oostende, Belguim, p 663

  • Abdo-de la Parra I, Rodríguez-Ibarra E, Puello-Cruz A, González-Rodríguez B, Velasco G, García-Ortega A, Alvarez-Lajonchere L (2005) Evaluación del crecimiento y supervivencia de larvas de botete diana (Sphoeroides annulatus) alimentadas con copépodos (Tisbe monozota). Paper presented at the 2nd Internacional Aquaculture Forum, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, 1–3 December 2005

  • Abdo-de la Parra I, Camacho J, González-Rodríguez B, Martínez-Rodríguez I, Hernández C, García-Ortega A (2006) A preliminary study on the effects of dietary protein level on growth and survival of juvenile bullseye puffer fish (Sphoeroides annulatus). World Aquac 37(1):34–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen GR, Robertson DR (1994) Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Lajonchere L, Ibarra-Castro L, García-Aguilar N, Ibarra-Zatarain Z (2007) Manipulation and nutrition of marine fish broodstock. Panorama Acuícola 13(1):10–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avilés-Quevedo A (2000) Cultivo de peces marinos. In: Alvarez-Torres P, Torres-Rodríguez LM (eds) Estado de Salud de la Acuacultura. Instituto Nacional de la Pesca-SEMARNAT, Mexico, p 506

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell JG, McEvoy LA, Estevez RJ, Shields RJ, Sargent JR (2003) Optimising lipid nutrition in first-feeding flatfish larvae. Aquaculture 227:211–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cahu C, Zambonino-Infante J, Takeuchi T (2003) Nutritional components affecting skeletal development in fish larvae. Aquaculture 227:245–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cano A (2003) Reproduction in captivity and cultivation of the Pacific rose spotted snapper Lutjanus guttatus in the Republic of Panama. Paper presented at the International Conference World Aquaculture, Salvador, Brazil, 19–23 May 2003

  • Castillo-Vargasmachuca S, Ponce-Palafox JT, Chávez-Ortiz E, Arredondo-Figueroa JL (2007) Effect of the inicial stocking body weight on growth of spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) in marine floating cages. Rev Biol Mar Ocean 42:261–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Catacutan MR, Pagador GE, Teshima S (2001) Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels and protein to energy ratios on growth, survival and body composition of the mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal, 1775). Aquacult Res 32:811–818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan N, Rodriguez MG, Alok D, Zohar Y (2003) Effects of controlled delivery and acute injections of LHRHa on bullseye puffer fish (Sphoeroides annulatus) spawning. Aquaculture 218:625–635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García-Gasca A, Galaviz M, Gutiérrez J, García-Ortega A (2006) Development of the digestive tract, trypsin activity and gene expression in eggs and larvae of the bullseye puffer fish (Sphoeroides annulatus). Aquaculture 251:366–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García-Ortega A (2007) Estado actual de la investigación y producción de botete diana Sphoeroides annulatus. In: González-Félix ML, Bringas-Alvarado L, Pérez-Velázquez M, Meza-García S (Eds) Proceedings of the 3rd International Aquacu Forum, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

  • García-Ortega A, Koussoulaki A, Boer H, Verreth J (2000) In vitro protein digestibility of Artemia decapsulated cysts and nauplii, and of microbound diets for larval fish. Aquacult Res 31:475–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García-Ortega A, Hernández C, Abdo-de la Parra I, González-Rodríguez B (2002) Advances in the nutrition and feeding of the bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus. In: Cruz-Suárez E, Ricque-Marie D, Tapia-Salazar M, Gaxiola-Cortés G, Simoes N (eds) Advances in aquatic nutrition VI. Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on aquatic nutrition, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, p 592

  • García-Ortega A, García-Pagés E, Velasco G, Dunstan G, Brown M (2003a) Growth and survival of bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus larvae fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids. Paper presented at the international conference World Aquaculture 2003, Salvador, Brazil, 19–23 May 2003

  • García-Ortega A, Abdo I, Hernández C (2003b) Weaning of bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) larvae from live food to microparticulate diets made with decapsulated cysts of Artemia and fishmeal. Aquac Int 11:183–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García-Ortega A, Pelcastre T, Abdo I (2004a) Effect of feeding HUFA-enriched Artemia on early weaning bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus larvae. Paper presented at the international conference Aquaculture 2004, Hawaii, USA, 1–5 March 2004

  • García-Ortega A, Abdo I, Villa Y, González B (2004b) Effect of different dietary protein levels in growth, survival and body composition of spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus. Paper presented at the VII International Symposium on Aquatic Nutrition, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico, 16–19 2004

  • García-Ortega A, Abdo I, Duncan N, Rodríguez E, Velasco G, González B, Puello A, Marínez I (2005) Larval rearing of rose spotted snapper Lutjanus guttatus under experimental conditions. In: Hendry CI, van Stappen G, Wille M, Sorgeloos P (eds) Larvi’05— Fish and Shellfish Larviculture Symposium, Ghent, September 2005. European Aquaculture Society, Special Publication No. 36, Oostende, Belguim, p 591

  • García-Ortega A, Peña A, Abdo I, González B (2006) Evaluación de la densidad de peces y frecuencia de alimentación para la engorda de botete diana Sphoeroides annulatus. Paper presented at the VIII International Symposium on Aquatic Nutrition, Mazatlan, Mexico, 15–17 November 2006

  • Govoni JJ, Boehlert GW, Watanabe Y (1986) The physiology of digestion in fish larvae. Environ Biol Fish 16:59–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Vargas R, Durán-Delgado M (1999) Cultivo del pargo de la mancha Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces:Lutjanidae) en jaulas flotantes. Uniciencia 15–16:27–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy RW (1996) Alternate protein sources for salmon and trout diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 59:71–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández C, Sánchez-Rentería L, Abdo-de la Parra I, García-Ortega A (2002) Effect of various protein sources in diets for juveniles of bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus). Paper presented at the VI International Symposium on Aquatic Nutrition, Cancun, Mexico, 3–6 September 2002

  • Hernández C, Blanco L, González B, Abdo I, García-Ortega A (2004) Evaluation of juvenile bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus fed practical diets with different protein sources for growth, feed efficiency and body composition. Paper presented at the international conference Aquaculture 2004, Hawaii, USA, 1–5 March 2004

  • Hernández-Mendoza K (2007) Evaluación de los requerimientos de proteína, lípidos totales y dietas prácticas en juveniles de pargo lunarejo Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869). Master’s Dissertation, Research Center for Food and Development, Mexico

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibarra-Castro L, Duncan N (2007) GnRHa-induced spawning of wild-caught spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus. Aquaculture 272:737–746

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izquierdo MS, Fernández-Palacios H, Tacon AGJ (2001) Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish. Aquaculture 197:25–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanazawa A, Teshima S, Sakamoto M, Shinomiya A (1980) Nutritional requirements of the puffer fish: purified test diet and the optimum protein level. Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish 46:1357–1361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi K, Iwata N, Kawabata T, Yanagawa T (2006a) Effect of feeding frequency, water temperature and stocking density on the growth of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. J World Aquacult Soc 37:12–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi K, Iwata N, Furuta T, Kawabata T, Yanagawa T (2006b) Growth of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes in closed recirculating culture system. Fish Sci 72:1042–1047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumai H, Kimura I, Nakamura M, Takii K, Ishida H (1989) Studies on digestive system and assimilation of a flavored diet in ocellate puffer. Nippon Suisan Gakkai shi 55:1035–1043

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazo JP, Vargas D, Medina C, Zacarias M, García-Ortega A, Pedroza-Islas R (2004) Experimental microdiets for California halibut larvae. Global Aquaculture Advocate 7(6):44–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller CL, Davis AD, Phelps RP (2005) The effects of dietary protein and lipid on growth and body composition of juvenile and sub-adult red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860). Aquacult Res 36:52–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Yotsu-Yamashita M, Sierra-Beltrán AP, Yasumoto T, Ochoa JL (2000) Toxicities and distribution of tetrodotoxin in the tissues of puffer fish found in the coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Toxicon 38:729–734

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa JL, Núñez-Vázquez E, García-Ortega A, Abdo I (2006) Food safety: Study about the toxicity of the cultivated bullseye buffer fish (Sphoeroides annulatus Jenyns, 1842). Panorama Acuícola Mag 11:22–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivares-Paulette O, Boza-Abarca J (1999) Crecimiento de juveniles de pargo mancha (Lutjanus guttatus) utilizando alimento granulado en condiciones de laboratorio. Uniciencia 15–16:45–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen T, Falk-Petersen IB (1992) Morphological changes during metamorphosis in cod (Gadus morhua L.), with particular reference to the development of the stomach and pyloric caeca. J Fish Biol 41:449–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puello-Cruz AC, González-Rodríguez B, García-Ortega A, Gómez S (2004) Use of a tropical harpacticoid copepod Tisbe monozota Bowman, 1962 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Tisbidae) as live food in marine larviculture. In: Hendrickx ME (eds) Contributions to the Study of East Pacific Crustaceans 3. ICMyL, UNAM, Mexico

    Google Scholar 

  • Rainuzzo JR, Reitan KI, Olsen Y (1997) The significance of lipids at early stages of marine fish: a review. Aquaculture 155:103–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen RS (2001) Quality of farmed salmonids with emphasis on proximate composition, yield and sensory characteristics. Aquacult Res 32:767–786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas-Herrera A, Chiappa-Carrara X (2002) Feeding habits of the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces:Lutjanidae) in the coast of Guerrero, Mexico. Cienc Mar 28:133–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotllant J, Tort L, Montero D, Pavlidis M, Martinez M, Wendelaar BSE, Balm PHM (2003) Background colour influence on the stress response in cultured red porgy Pagrus pagrus. Aquaculture 223:129–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segner H, Storch V, Reinecke M, Kloas W, Hanke W (1994) The development of functional digestive and metabolic organs in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Mar Biol 119:471–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Støttrup JG, Norsker NH (1997) Production and use of copepods in marine fish larviculture. Aquaculture 155:231–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Takii K, Ukawa M, Nakamura M, Kumai H (1995) Suitable sugar level in brown fish meal diet for tiger puffer. Fish Sci 61:837–840

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson DA, Findley LT, Kerstitch AN (2000) Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The University of Texas Press, Austin, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Valverde-Chavarría S, Boza-Abarca J (1999) Inducción al desove en hembras del pargo mancha, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869). Uniciencia 15–16:65–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe T, Kitajima C, Fujita S (1983) Nutritional values of live organisms used in Japan for mass propagation of fish: A review. Aquaculture 34:115–143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe T, Arakawa T, Kitajuma C, Fujita S (1984) Effect of nutritional quality of broodstock diets on reproduction of red sea bream. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 50:495–501

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe WO, Ellis SC, Chaves J (2001) Effects of dietary lipid and energy to protein ratio on growth and feed utilization of juvenile mutton snapper Lutjanus analis fed isonitrogenous diets at two temperatures. J World Aquacult Soc 32:30–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yañez-Aranciabia A (1980) Taxonomía, ecología y estructura de las comunidades de peces en lagunas costeras con bocas efímeras del Pacífico de México. Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Publicación Especial 2:1–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasumoto T, Yasumura D, Yotsu M, Michishita T, Endo A, Kotaki T (1986) Bacterial production of tetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin. Agric Biol Chem 50:793–795

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to B. González, C. Rodea, C. Hernández, A. Puello, I. Abdo and other CIAD staff and students for technical support. This review was prepared as part of a research project on marine fish nutrition, and feeding supported by SAGARPA-CONACYT, Mexico through grant nr. 2004–C01–196 awarded to the author.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Nutrition and Larviculture, Research Center for Food and Development, Mazatlan Unit in Aquaculture and Environmental Management, P.O.Box 711, C.P. 82010, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Armando García-Ortega

Authors
  1. Armando García-Ortega
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Armando García-Ortega.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

García-Ortega, A. Nutrition and feeding research in the spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) and bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus), new species for marine aquaculture. Fish Physiol Biochem 35, 69–80 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9226-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9226-1

Keywords

  • Marine fish
  • Nutritional requirements
  • Larviculture
  • Protein
  • Lipid
  • on-growing feeds

Search

Navigation