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A comparative account of the structure of the growth hormone encoding gene and genetic interrelationship in six species of the genus Labeo

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry volume 33, pages 311–333 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

The growth hormone (GH) gene isolated and cloned from various Labeo species (L. rohita, L. calbasu, L. fimbriatus, L. gonius, L. bata, and L. kontius) is shown to contain a single copy in the haploid genome, with an overall size of ∼2.5 kb. The GH gene in all the Labeo species studied has five exons and four introns of various sizes with the exon/intron boundary sequence of GT/AG. The length variation of the GH gene between the species is found to be due to length variation in the form of several deletions in the third intron. The length of individual exons is the same in all the species with an open reading frame (ORF) of 630 bp (210 amino acids) except in L. rohita, which has a 9 bp deletion in the fourth exon, resulting in a shorter GH of 621 bp (207 amino acids). The similarity in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences between the different Labeo species is greater than 97%, in spite of eight amino acids being altered in the GH protein of Labeo that reside outside the conserved domain sequence required for its function. Nucleotide substitutions are seen in the form of 20 transitions and three transversions in the ORF of the GH gene. Both types of transitions (A–G; T–C) and only one type of transversion (A–C) are detected in the GH gene. Codon preference in GH gene shows a strong preference for G and C in the wobble position of the codons. Genetic interrelationships determined between Labeo and other species of fishes using nucleotide sequence of GH cDNA supports the overall teleost classification of Nelson (Fishes of the World. Wiley, New York, 1984) with separate clades for Ostariophysi, Protacanthopterygii, and Acanthopterygii. Besides, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) analysis clearly distinguishes between the species having five exons and four introns in the GH gene from the species having six exons and five introns in the same gene. The Labeo species analyzed in the present study could be clustered into two groups using the maximum-parsimony method on the intron sequences data of the GH gene.

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Abbreviations

BLAST:

Basic local alignment search tool

cDNA:

Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

GH:

Growth hormone

LR:

Labeo rohita

LC:

Labeo calbasu

LF:

Labeo fimbriatus

LG:

Labeo gonius

LK:

Labeo kontius

LB:

Labeo bata

ORF:

Open reading frame

Pit 1:

Pituitary transcription factor 1

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. L. Singh, Director CCMB for support and encouragement, Dr. K. Uma Devi for correcting the manuscript and Mr. Ranga Rao for typing the manuscript. We thank Mr. R. Purushotham (Department of Fisheries, Andhra Pradesh) and Mr. K. Ravinder for collection of fish samples, Dr. J.C. Dhas (Fisheries Survey of India, Vishakhapatnam) and Dr. R.P. Burman (Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) for identification of species. Financial assistance from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India through grant no. BT/AA/03/70(A)/94 to KCM is gratefully acknowledged.

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    R. Rajesh & K. C. Majumdar

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Rajesh, R., Majumdar, K.C. A comparative account of the structure of the growth hormone encoding gene and genetic interrelationship in six species of the genus Labeo . Fish Physiol Biochem 33, 311–333 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-007-9164-3

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Keywords

  • Codon preference
  • DNA phylogeny
  • Growth hormone gene
  • Intron sequences
  • Labeo

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