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Lipid classes and fatty acids during embryogenesis of captive and wild silverside (Chirostoma estor estor) from Pátzcuaro Lake

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Abstract

Lipid classes and fatty acid levels were analyzed in freshly fertilized eggs, early and late embryo development, and freshly hatched larvae obtained from wild and captive silverside Chirostoma estor estor broodstock, as well as in plankton, Artemia, and pelleted feed. The concentration of triglycerides (TGs) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in neutral lipid fraction significantly decreased during early development and especially after hatching, whereas phospholipids and HUFA in polar lipid fraction remained constant. These results indicate that TGs rather than PLs are used as energy sources and that all HUFAs [20:4n-6/arachidonic acid (ARA), 20:5n-3/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 22:6n-3/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] of polar lipids are selectively conserved during early development. High levels of DHA (30%, on average, of total fatty acids) and low levels of EPA (4%) were observed in eggs, embryos, and larvae and did not reflect the proportions of these fatty acids in food. Preferential accumulation of DHA from food consumed by broodstock, and then transference to eggs, was probably occurring. The main difference between eggs from both origins was a low level of ARA in eggs from captive fish (4% of total fatty acids) compared to wild fish (9%). This could be associated with a deficiency in the diet that is not compensated for by desaturation/elongation of 18:2n-6 and, possibly, with greater stress in captive fish. In any case, particular requirements of ARA should be determined to optimize the culture of C. estor.

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Abbreviations

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

C:

Captive

CG-FID:

Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

HUFAs:

Highly unsaturated fatty acids (carbon chain length > C20 with > 3 double bonds)

MGs:

Monoglycerides

MUFAs:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

N.D.:

Not detected

N.S.:

Not significantly different

PLs:

Phospholipids

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

SATs:

Saturated fatty acids

TGs:

Triglycerides

TLC-FID:

Thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization

W:

Wild

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Lake Pátzcuaro fishermen, Lindsay Ross and an anonymous reviewer for critical comments, and technicians and students for their help during this work. This research was supported by grants FOMIX-CONACYT MICH-2003-C01-12002 and FOMIX-CONACYT, MICH-2003-C01-12314.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, A.P. 128, La Paz, B.C.S., 23090, Mexico

    Elena Palacios, Ilie S. Racotta, Benjamín Aparicio & Olivia Arjona

  2. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales (INIRENA), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, San Juanito Itzicuaro, Morelia, 58330, Michoacán, Mexico

    Carlos A. Martínez-Palacios

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  1. Elena Palacios
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Correspondence to Elena Palacios.

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Palacios, E., Racotta, I.S., Aparicio, B. et al. Lipid classes and fatty acids during embryogenesis of captive and wild silverside (Chirostoma estor estor) from Pátzcuaro Lake. Fish Physiol Biochem 33, 81–91 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-006-9119-0

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