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A Review of Fire-Extinguishing Agents and Fire Suppression Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries Fire

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Abstract

The susceptibility of LIBs to fire and explosion under extreme conditions has become a significant challenge for large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the suppression effect of fire-extinguishing agent on LIBs fire is still far from being satisfactory attributed to special combustion characteristics of LIBs fire. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the origin and behavior of LIBs fire, and the selection of the typical fire-extinguishing agents for LIBs. Novel fire suppression strategies are also discussed. Several agents such as liquid nitrogen, dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one (C6F12O) and water-based fire-extinguishing agents possess better fire-extinguishing and cooling capabilities. Unfortunately, there are some shortcomings that restrict their application. The ideal fire-extinguishing agents for LIBs should be both highly thermally conductive, highly electrically insulating, highly efficient in extinguishing LIBs fire, cheap, non-toxic, residue-free and toxic gases-absorbing. Some perspectives and outlooks are given that the combination of ideal fire-extinguishing agent and novel fire-extinguishing strategy can insure a high level of safety for present and future LIB-based technologies.

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Figure 1

Adapted from Ref. [36] with permission of Elsevier

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Adapted from Ref. [21] with permission of Elsevier

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2021YFB2402003) and the Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province (No. 202104a07020003), the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province (No. GXXT-2020-079). Dr. Q.S Wang is supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No.Y201768).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Lin Zhang, Kaiqiang Jin, Jinhua Sun & Qingsong Wang

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Zhang, L., Jin, K., Sun, J. et al. A Review of Fire-Extinguishing Agents and Fire Suppression Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries Fire. Fire Technol 60, 817–858 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-022-01278-3

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