Abstract
The conductivity of the electrolyte and the kinetics of Li+ inside lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will decrease at low temperatures, which may promote the formation of lithium dendrite. The growing of lithium dendrites will penetrate the separator, and cause the internal short circuits and thermal runaway of cells. Thus, battery preheating is essential to improve the safety of LIBs. To investigate the temperature changes of battery during discharging and preheating at low temperatures, the electro-thermal model and the preheating model of LIBs at low temperature are established and verified based on the second-order equivalent circuit model. The internal resistance of battery decreases with the increase of temperature. Moreover, a battery module with polyimide flexible heating film is proposed, and the heating films are arranged on both sides of the battery symmetrically. When the power of heating films is 1 W, 3 W, and 5 W, it takes 395 s, 190 s and 126 s to preheat the battery temperature from − 10°C to 25°C, respectively. Additionally, different heating powers can be arranged in the heating process to reduce the heating time and temperature difference of battery. The research in this study contributes to the preheating of LIBs in cold regions, and has certain reference value.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wang C, Chen G, Kou J, Zhang X, Xu X, Bao J, Shen Z, Jin X, Zhang H, Liu L, Yu K (2020) Sb@S–N–C nanocomposite as long-cycle stable anode material for lithium ion batteries. J Alloy Compo 814:152161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152161
Zhou H, Zhou F, Xu L, Kong J, Yang Q (2019) Thermal performance of cylindrical Lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on air distribution pipe. Int J Mass Tran 131:984–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.116
Collins GA, Geaney H, Ryan KM (2021) Alternative anodes for low temperature lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 9:14172–14213. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00998b
Xie W, Liu X, He R, Li Y, Gao X, Li X, Peng Z, Feng S, Feng X, Yang S (2020) Challenges and opportunities toward fast-charging of lithium-ion batteries. J Energy Storage 32:101837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101837
Yang X, Duan Y, Feng X, Chen T, Xu C, Rui X, Ouyang M, Lu L, Han X, Ren D, Zhang Z, Li C, Gao S (2020) An experimental study on preventing thermal Runaway propagation in lithium-ion battery module using aerogel and liquid cooling plate together. Fire Technol 56:2579–2602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-020-00995-x
Chen H, Buston JEH, Gill JG, Howard D, Shelke AS (2020) An experimental study on thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy and prediction of heat release rate. J Power Sources 472:228585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228585
Monika K, Chakraborty C, Roy S, Sujith R, Datta SP (2021) A numerical analysis on multi-stage Tesla valve based cold plate for cooling of pouch type Li-ion batteries. Int J Mass Tran 177:121560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121560
Yang W, Zhou F, Liu Y, Xu S, Chen X (2021) Thermal performance of honeycomb-like battery thermal management system with bionic liquid mini-channel and phase change materials for cylindrical lithium-ion battery. Appl Therm Eng 188:116649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116649
Dong X, Wang YG, Xia Y (2021) Promoting rechargeable batteries operated at low temperature. Acc Chem Res 54:3883–3894. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00420
Liu HQ, Wei ZB, He WD, Zhao JY (2017) Thermal issues about Li-ion batteries and recent progress in battery thermal management systems: A review, Energ. Convers. Manage 150:304–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.016
Liu Y, Xia Y, Zhou Q (2021) Effect of low-temperature aging on the safety performance of lithium-ion pouch cells under mechanical abuse condition: a comprehensive experimental investigation. Energy Storage Mater 40:268–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.05.022
Piao N, Gao X, Yang H, Guo Z, Hu G, Cheng H-M, Li F (2022) Challenges and development of lithium-ion batteries for low temperature environments. eTransportation 11:1145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2021.100145
Chen M, Li J (2021) Experimental study on heating performance of pure electric vehicle power battery under low temperature environment. Int J Mass Tran 172:121191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121191
Li J, Sun D, Chai Z, Jiang H, Sun C (2019) Sinusoidal alternating current heating strategy and optimization of lithium-ion batteries with a thermo-electric coupled model. Energy 186:115798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.128
Zhang GS, Ge SH, Xu T, Yang XG, Tian H, Wang CY (2016) Rapid self-heating and internal temperature sensing of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures. Electrochim Acta 218:149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.117
Darcovich K, MacNeil DD, Recoskie S, Kenney B (2018) Coupled electrochemical and thermal battery models for thermal management of prismatic automotive cells. Appl Therm Eng 133:566–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.094
Wang TZ, Wu XG, Xu SB, Hofmann H, Du JY, Li JQ, Ouyang MG, Song ZY (2018) Performance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle under low temperature condition and economy analysis of battery pre-heating. J Power Sources 401:245–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.08.093
Zhu T, Min HT, Yu YB, Zhao ZM, Xu T, Chen Y, Li XY, Zhang C (2017) An optimized energy management strategy for preheating vehicle-mounted Li-ion batteries at Subzero temperatures. Energies 10:243. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10020243
Soltani M, Berckmans G, Jaguemont J, Ronsmans J, Kakihara S, Hegazy O, Van Mierlo J, Omar N (2019) Three dimensional thermal model development and validation for lithium-ion capacitor module including air-cooling system. Appl Therm Eng 153:264–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.023
Zhang J, Sun F, Wang Z (2017) Heating character of a LiMn2O4 battery pack at low temperature based on PTC and metallic resistance material. Energy Procedia 105:2131–2138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.602
Lei Z, Zhang C, Li J, Fan G, Lin Z (2015) Preheating method of lithium-ion batteries in an electric vehicle. J Mod Power Syst Clean Energy 3:289–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-015-0115-1
Zhang J, Liu H, Zheng M, Chen M, Zhao L, Du D (2021) Numerical study on a preheating method for lithium-ion batteries under cold weather conditions using phase change materials coupled with heat films. J Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103651
Kirad K, Chaudhari M (2021) Design of cell spacing in lithium-ion battery module for improvement in cooling performance of the battery thermal management system. J Power Sources 481:229016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229016
Zhu J, Knapp M, Darma MSD, Fang Q, Wang X, Dai H, Wei X, Ehrenberg H (2019) An improved electro-thermal battery model complemented by current dependent parameters for vehicular low temperature application. Appl Energy 248:149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.066
Yang H, Sun X, An Y, Zhang X, Wei T, Ma Y (2019) Online parameters identification and state of charge estimation for lithium-ion capacitor based on improved Cubature Kalman filter. J Energy Storage 24:100810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100810
Zhou H, Zhou F, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Song Z (2019) Thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion battery based on a liquid cooling method with half-helical duct. Appl Therm Eng 162:114257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114257
Zhang H, Li C, Zhang R, Lin Y, Fang H (2020) Thermal analysis of a 6s4p Lithium-ion battery pack cooled by cold plates based on a multi-domain modeling framework. Appl Therm Eng 173:115216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115216
Zhao J, Rao Z, Li Y (2015) Thermal performance of mini-channel liquid cooled cylinder based battery thermal management for cylindrical lithium-ion power battery. Energy Convers Manag 103:157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.06.056
Yang W, Zhou F, Zhou H, Liu Y (2020) Thermal performance of axial air cooling system with bionic surface structure for cylindrical lithium-ion battery module. Int J Mass Tran 161:120307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120307
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, W., Zhou, F., Liu, Y. et al. Preheating Performance by Heating Film for the Safe Application of Cylindrical Lithium-ion Battery at Low Temperature. Fire Technol 59, 1115–1135 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-022-01251-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-022-01251-0