Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Residual Strength of Organic Anchorage Adhesive for Post-installed Rebar at Elevated Temperatures and After Heating

  • Published:
Fire Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A series of pull-out tests for anchorage adhesives were carried out at elevated temperatures of 25°C, 60°C, 100°C, 160°C, 260°C and after heating. The heating process followed a fixed curve. Three commonly used anchorage adhesives were adopted and five specimens were tested at each temperature condition. The residual strengths of the connection in and after heating were analyzed and compared. The force-slip relationships of the adhesives at elevated temperatures and after heating indicated that the bond strength decreased remarkably with the increase of temperature but recovered slightly after heating. The bond properties and failure mechanism between the adhesive bar and the outside tube are discussed. A three-stage and four-stage models for force-slip relationship were obtained by curve-fitting. The bond strength variations with the increasing of the deformation at the elevated temperature and after heating were contrasted. The results shown that bond strength of anchorage adhesive is strongly dependent on temperature and it decreases rapidly with rising temperature, the residual bearing capacity of anchorage adhesives is around or lowers to 10% when the temperature exceeds 260°C and the vinylester adhesive is more sensitive than epoxy adhesive to temperature effects. The result also shown that the glass transition temperature was a useful metrology for behaviors of adhesive after heating and it can also be used to determine the upper limit temperature for continuous application.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S Ebnesajjad (2008) Adhesive technology handbook. William Andrew Inc., Waltham

    Google Scholar 

  2. Basics of Post Installed Rebar Connections (2009) Hilti (China) Distribution Ltd. 649–713

  3. Post-installed Anchor Technology, Specification & design manual, Powers USA: (800) 524-3244 or (914) 235-6300, www.powers.com

  4. Accident Transportation Safety Board (2006) Ceiling Collapse in the Interstate 90 Connector Tunnel Boston, Massachusetts, Accident Report No.: NTSB/HAR-07/02& PB 2007-916203

  5. Sorathia U, Lyon R, Gann RG, Gritzo L (1997) Materials and fire threat. Fire Technol 33(3):260–275. doi:10.1023/A:1015371806854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chin J, Forster A, Clerici C, Hunston D (2010), Characterization of ambient temperature cure epoxies used in adhesive anchor applications. J Adhes 86:1041–1067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang J-R, Huang H, Wu J, Song L, Guo X (2006) Study on bond-slip relationship for shear resistance of adhesive steel bar in metal tube. Struct Eng 22(3):72–75 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gesoğlu M, Güneyisi EM, Guneyisi E, Yılmaz ME, Mermerdas K (2014) Modeling and analysis of the shear capacity of adhesive anchors post-installed into uncracked concrete. Compos B 60:716–724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wernik JM, Meguid SA (2014) On the mechanical characterization of carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy adhesives. Mater Des 59:19–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhao Y, Yang M (2011) Pull-out behavior of an imperfectly bonded anchor system. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48:469–475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Çalışkan O, Yılmaz S, Kaplan H, Kıraç N (2013) Shear strength of epoxy anchors embedded into low strength concrete. Constr Build Mater 38:723–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yilmaz S, Özen MA, Yardim Y (2013) Tensile behavior of post-installed chemical anchors embedded to low strength concrete. Constr Build Mater 47:861–866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu C, Yu J, Lu Z, Wang K (2010) Experimental study on bond-slip behavior of post installed rebar at high temperature. J TongJi Univ (Natural science) 38(11):1579–1585

    Google Scholar 

  14. Li Y (2013) Experimental study on post-installed rebar connection under high-temperature and fire-resistance design method. Bachelor Degree Thesis, TongJi University in China (in Chinese)

  15. Hilado CJ (1973) An overview of the fire behavior of polymers. Fire Technol 9(3):198–208. doi:10.1007/BF02624777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chowdhury EU, Eedson R, Bisby LA, Green MF, Benichou N (2011) Mechanical characterization of fiber reinforced polymers materials at high temperature. Fire Technol 47(4):1063–1080. doi:10.1007/s10694-009-0116-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Al-Safy R, Al-Mahaidi R, Simon GP, Habsuda J (2012) Experimental investigation on the thermal and mechanical properties of nanoclay-modified adhesives used for bonding CFRP to concrete substrates. Constr Build Mater 28:769–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Yu B, Kodur VKR (2014) Effect of high temperature on bond strength of near-surface mounted FRP reinforcement. Compos Struct 110:88–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. ACI355.2-01(2001) Evaluating the performance of post-installed mechanical anchors in concrete, ACI Provisional Standard

  20. EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Eurocode 2: design of concrete structures—part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings, European Standard

  21. EN 1992-1-2 (2004) Eurocode 2: design of concrete structures—part 1-2: general rules-structural fire design, European Standard

  22. ASTM C881 (2013) Standard specification for epoxy-resin-base bonding systems for concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken

    Google Scholar 

  23. ETAG2001 (2001) European Techniques of Anchor Guideline, European Standard

  24. GB50367-2006 (2006) Design code for strengthening concrete structure. China Building Industry Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  25. GB/T 19466.2-2004 (2004) Plastics-differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)—Part 2: determination of glass transition temperature, Published by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and Standardization Technology Committee of the People’s Republic of China, reference by ISO 11357-2: 1999, IDT

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research supported from The National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China 2014M551451, The State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Open Fund SV2014-KF-17 and The Natural Science Foundation of China 51350110234, which are gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Building Engineering, Logistics University of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China

    Yu Zhang

  2. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Yu Zhang, Guo-biao Lou, Ke-peng Chen & Guo-qiang Li

  3. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Guo-biao Lou & Guo-qiang Li

Authors
  1. Yu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guo-biao Lou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ke-peng Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guo-qiang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guo-biao Lou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Y., Lou, Gb., Chen, Kp. et al. Residual Strength of Organic Anchorage Adhesive for Post-installed Rebar at Elevated Temperatures and After Heating. Fire Technol 52, 877–895 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0510-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0510-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation