Abstract
A long-baseline, space-based Michelson interferometer will be able to detect Earth Analog planets orbiting nearby G stars. The Star Watch astrometry observatory is capable of providing 1 micro-arcsecond (µas) measurements during individual observations. Over a series of “looks”, a precision of 0.3 µas can be achieved. Hardware was constructed and validated to a TRL-6 readiness level during NASA’s Space Interferometry Mission project. European industry has demonstrated its expertise in laser metrology in the LISA Pathfinder project. This will allow Europe to either proceed with the Star Watch astrometry mission on its own or through collaboration with NASA.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.







Data Availability
The author confirms that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.
References
Lindegren, L., et al.: Gaia Data Release 2: The astrometric solution. Astron. Astrophys. 616 (August 2018). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832727
Unwin, S.C., et al.: “Taking the Measure of the Universe: Precision Astrometry with SIM PlanetQuest”; Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), 120:38–88, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1086/525059
Marr, J.C., et al, A., et al.: “Response to the Request for Information from Astro2010, Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey Subcommittee on Programs, p. 12. SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory” (2009)
Marr, J.C., et al, A., et al.: “Response to the Request for Information Part 2 from Astro2010, Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey Subcommittee on Programs, p. 4. SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory” (2009)
Armano, M., et al.: Beyond the Required LISA Free-Fall Performance: New LISA Pathfinder Results down to 20 µHz. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 061101 (February 2018). doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.061101
Davidson, J.M. (ed.): SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory: From Earth-Like Planets to Dark Matter, NASA, JPL 400–1360, Chap. 15, pages 159–161, (2009). https://web.archive.org/web/20090827041807/http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/keyPubPapers/SIMLiteBook/Chapter-15-LR.pdf
Reichert, K., et al.: Precise radial velocities of giant stars: Evidence against the proposed planet Aldebaran b. A&A. 625, A22 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834028
Kulkarni, S.R., et al.: ; “No Planet Left Behind: Investigating Planetary Architecture and Diversity with SIM Lite”; (2009). arXiv:0902.3475v1
Kiang, N.Y., Astrobiology, et al.: vol. 7, doi: (2007). https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2006.0108
Hands, T.O., et al.: There might be giants: unseen Jupiter-mass planets as sculptors of tightly-packed planetary systems. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 456 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2897
Clement, M.S., et al.: ; “Mars’ growth stunted by an early giant planet instability”; ; Icarus vol. 311, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.04.008
Mann, A.W., et al, et al.: The Invisible Majority? Evolution and Detection of Outer Planetary Systems without Gas Giants. Astrophys. J. 719 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/719/2/1454
Davidson, J.M. (ed.): SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory: From Earth-Like Planets to Dark Matter, NASA, JPL 400–1360, Chap. 2, pages 15–23, (2009). https://web.archive.org/web/20090827042502/http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/keyPubPapers/SIMLiteBook/Chapter-2-LR.pdf
Jackson, A.P., Wyatt, M.C.: “Debris from terrestrial planet formation: the Moon-forming collision”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 425, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages657–679, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21546.x
Kulkarni, S.R., et al.: ; “Exceptional Stars: Origins, Companions, Masses and Planets”; American Astronomical Society 199th Meeting (2002)
Carpenter, K.G., et al.: ; “SI - The Stellar Imager: A UV/Optical Deep-Space Telescope to Image Stars and Observe the Universe with 0.1 Milli-arcsec Angular Resolution”;Vision Mission Study report, (2005). https://hires.gsfc.nasa.gov/si/
Delpech, M., et al.: ; “Flight Demonstration of Formation Flying Capabilities for Future Missions (NEAT Pathfinder)”; Acta Astronautica, Volume 105, Issue 1, Pages82–94(2014)
Fujii, Y., et al.: ; “Exoplanet Biosignatures: Observational Prospects”; ; Astrobiology vol. 18, no.6, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2017.1733
“Optical Astrometry of Accreting Black Holes and Neutron Stars: :Scientific Opportunities”; John A. Tomsick; (2009). https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0902/0902.4209.pdf
Orosz, J.A., et al, et al.: The Mass of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1. Astrophys. J. 742, 84 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/84
Quirrenbach, A., et al., ; JPL Publication 2004-19, edited by Stephen Unwin and Slava Turyshev (2004)
Mignard, F. “Astrometry missions: Probing the galaxy and beyond“, in Galaxies and their Constituents at the Highest Angular Resolutions, Proceedings of IAU Symposium #205, held 15–18 August 2000 at Manchester, United Kingdom. Edited by R. T. Schilizzi, p. 469 (2001)
Gaia: Composition, Formation and Evolution of the Galaxy - Gaia Concept and Technology Study Report (ESA-SCI(2000)4), published in July 2000
Shaya, E.J., et al. “Space interferometry mission dynamical observations of galaxies (SIMDOG) key project”, Proc. SPIE 4852, Interferometry in Space, (26 February 2003); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460695
Wehrle, A.E.; “What is the Structure of Relativistic Jets in AGN on Scales of Light Days?”; White Paper for Astro2010 “Galaxies Across Cosmic Time”February(2009)
Davidson, J.M. (ed.): SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory: From Earth-Like Planets to Dark Matter, NASA, JPL 400–1360, Chap. 16. (2009)
An, X., et al.; “SIM Brassboard Astrometric Beam Combiner (ABC) integration and performance testing”; (2010)
Kurtz, D., et al.; “Starquakes Spring Stellar Surprises”; ; Astronomy & Geophysics, Volume 57, Issue 4, August 2016, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atw151
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Horzempa, P.A. Precise astrometry: Earth Analogs and Beyond. Exp Astron 54, 1339–1350 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-022-09860-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-022-09860-x