Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cost Effective Frequency Ranges For Multi-Beam Dishes, Cylinders, Aperture Arrays, and Hybrids

  • System Issues and Miscellaneous
  • Published:
Experimental Astronomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Five out of six Square Kilometre Array (SKA) science programs need extensive surveys at frequencies below 1.4 GHz and only four need high-frequency observations. The latter ones drive to expensive high surface accuracy collecting area, while the former ask for multi-beam receiver systems and extensive post correlation processing. In this paper, we analyze the system cost of a SKA when the field-of-view (Fov) is extended from 1 deg2 at 1.4 GHz to 200 deg2 at 0.7 GHz for three different antenna concepts. We start our analysis by discussing the fundamental limitations and cost issues of wide-band focal plane arrays (FPA) in dishes and cylinders and of wide-band receptors in aperture arrays. We will show that a hybrid SKA in three different antenna technologies will give the highest effective sensitivity for all six key science programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • van Ardenne, A. and Lazio, J.: 2004, ‘SKA Hybrid, Three Aperture Arrays+Small Dishes’, Hybrid White Papers, Eng. Section on http://www.skatelescope.org.

  • Bunton, J.D.: 2004, ‘A Cylinder plus 12-m Dish Hybrid’, November 2003, Section in SKA Memo 48, Contributions & Summary of First SKA Convergence Workshop Held in Cape Town, Eng. Section on http://www.skatelescope.org.

  • Bregman, J.D.: 2000, ‘Concept Design For a Low Frequency Array’, SPIE Conf. Proc. 4015.

  • Bregman, J.D.: 2004, ‘Survey Performance of Multi-Beam Aperture Synthesis Arrays’, in Exp. Astrono, this issue.

  • D’Addario, L.R.: 2002, ‘Digital Processing for SKA’, SKA Memo 25.

  • Ivashina, M.V.: 2004, ‘Efficiency Limitations of a 12 meter Dish System’, ASTRON Report-SKA-00916.

  • Ivashina, M.V., Simons, J. and de bij Vaate, J.G.: 2004, ‘Efficiency Analysis of Focal Plane Arrays in Deep Dishes’, Exp. Astrono., this issue.

  • Jones, D.L.: 2004, ‘SKA Science Requirements: Version 2’, SKA Memo 45.

  • Udaya Shankar, N. and Ananthakrishnan, S.: 2004, ‘Present Indian Efforts Relating to SKA Demonstrator’, SKA demonstrator plans, Eng. Section on http://www.skatelescope.org.

  • USSKA Consortium: 2002, ‘The Square Kilometer Array Preliminary Strawman Design LargeN – Small-D’, White Paper 2, SKA Design Concept White Papers 1–7, Eng. Section on http://www.skatelescope.org.

  • Walden, R.H.: 1999, ‘Analog-to-Digital Converter Survey and Analysis’, IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun. 17(4).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ASTRON, P.O. Box 2, 7990, AA, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

    Jaap D. Bregman

Authors
  1. Jaap D. Bregman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jaap D. Bregman.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bregman, J.D. Cost Effective Frequency Ranges For Multi-Beam Dishes, Cylinders, Aperture Arrays, and Hybrids. Exp Astron 17, 407–416 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-005-2871-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-005-2871-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation