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Phenotypic characterization and resistance response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of backcross lines developed from stable allohexaploids of Sinapis alba + Brassica juncea

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Abstract

Brassica juncea is a major oilseed crop of Bangladesh, Canada, China, India, Pakistan, and the USA. The genome and pan-genome sequencing of B. juncea revealed that the gene pool maintained uniformity till now since its origin. Moreover, the selection process for higher yield and quality favors genetic homogeneity in the crop making it vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. To resolve the existing problem, we have developed allohexaploid Brassica with S. alba and B. juncea by somatic hybridization. Backcross lines (BLs) from allohexaploid Brassica have been developed by backcrossing with B. juncea to transfer desirable genes for biotic and abiotic tolerance into the Brassica genome background. The first backcross population had few apparent phenotypic variations, while the second backcross generation exhibited enormous variations in agronomic characteristics and stem rot disease resistance. These BLs had plant heights, siliquae size, seeds/siliqua, seeds/plant, and 1000 seed weights of 147.6–249.6 cm, 2.88–6.5 cm, 4.4–19, 3.55–30.04 g, and 1.19–4.83 g, respectively. In terms of immunity to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), the BL 58 had the longest siliquae (6.5 cm) and the highest thousand seed weight (4.83 g). These BLs produced seeds that range in color from black to yellow, with varying hues of brown. The BLs were found immune to being highly susceptible to the SSR. These BLs outperform their parent in terms of agronomic traits like yellow/brown seed color, stem rot resistance, seeds/siliqua, and seed weight per plant, as well as excellent fertility. As a result, these BLs can be utilized to identify QTLs, marker assisted breeding, resistance breeding, and introgression of valuable traits to cultivated Brassica species.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledged the guidance of Dr. SR Bhat, Professor, NRCPB, New Delhi during the development of stable and fertile allohexaploid Brassicas.

Funding

(1) Preetesh Kumari: (File No. YSS/2015/001849), Science and Engineering Research Board, Ministry of Science & Technology, New Delhi, India for funding the research work; (File No. SR/WOS-A/LS-373/2018), Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, Govt. of India, India for fellowship; (2) Kaushal Pratap Singh, received Research Associateship [File No. 09/1247(0001)/2019-EMR-I] from HRDG-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Preetesh Kumari

  2. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, 231303, India

    Kaushal Pratap Singh & Pramod Kumar Rai

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Contributions

PK developed the somatic hybrids of Sinapis alba + B. juncea (JS1 and JS2) and their backcross progeny, drafted and finalized the manuscript; KPS recorded morphological data, conducted the disease screening in S. alba, B. juncea and BC2F4 progeny, analyzed data, draft, and edited manuscript. PKR: provided laboratory and field facilities for phenotyping and screening for stem rot, edited manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript for submission.

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Correspondence to Preetesh Kumari.

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Singh, K.P., Kumari, P. & Rai, P.K. Phenotypic characterization and resistance response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of backcross lines developed from stable allohexaploids of Sinapis alba + Brassica juncea. Euphytica 219, 34 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-023-03160-x

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