Abstract
The most important viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil are BCMV, BGMV and CPMMV, the last two transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci occurring simultaneously and causing severe yield losses. Embrapa has previously developed a genetically modified common bean cultivar carrying the 5.1 transgenic event for resistance to BGMV, which is commercially available. This cultivar also carries the gene I, which confers resistance to BCMV. Recently, sources of natural resistance to CPMMV were identified in common bean cultivars from the carioca market class. So, the objective of the present work was to develop new commercial carioca breeding lines with multiple resistance to viruses (BCMV, BGMV and CPMMV), using conventional breeding and molecular tools. Agronomic performance and virus disease severity (VS) were evaluated in two field trials, allowing the selection of 39 superior progenies out of 477 row-progenies tested. Molecular analyses identified the presence of BCMV and BGMV resistance alleles in individual plants. CPMMV resistance was screened by mechanical inoculation of plants. Five progenies showed resistance to BCMV, BGMV and CPMMV, in addition to upright plant architecture, tolerance to plant lodging and carioca market class grains, presenting therefore potential to be a new transgenic cultivar with multiple virus resistance. Additionally, the resistant progenies may also contribute to reduce virus spread in the field, as they were a less efficient inoculum source of CPMMV as shown by insect transmission assays.
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Source and test plants: (A) CNFCT 19119, BRS Sublime and BRS FC401 RMD and (B) CNFCT 19120, BRS Sublime and BRS FC401 RMD. Test plants inoculated by whiteflies were visually evaluated using a 1–4 scoring scale of CPMMV symptoms, where 1 = none, 2 = light, 3 = moderate and 4 = strong. BRS Sublime and BRS FC401 RMD were used as controls, considering that BRS Sublime is resistant to CPMMV, while BRS FC401 RMD is susceptible to this virus. (Chi-square p < 0.05)
Source: (A) CNFCT 19119 and (B) CNFCT 19,120. Test plants, inoculated by whiteflies, were visually evaluated using a 1–4 scoring scale of CPMMV symptoms, where 1 = none, 2 = light, 3 = moderate and 4 = strong. BRS Sublime and BRS FC401 RMD were used as controls, considering that BRS Sublime is resistant to CPMMV, while BRS FC401 RMD is susceptible to this virus. Proportions of plants showing different scores for virus symptoms were analyzed by the Pearson’s Chi-square test (p < 0.05) and the proportion of plants within each grade of the scoring scale were compared using the Equality of proportions hypothesis test (p < 0.05)
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Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank José Francisco A. e Silva and Luana A. Rodrigues (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão) for important technical and logistic support. We also thank and credit Sebastião Araujo (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão) for the picture of cv. BRS Estilo seeds used as Figure S1.
Funding
This work was supported by Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa (Grant No. 20.18.04.008.00.00). T.L.P.O.S., R.S.S., H.S.P., L.C.M., A.L.F. and A.L.M.Z. are supported by the CNPq, the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development.
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T.L.P.O.S., LCM, and J.C.F. contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by R.S.S, J.C.F., A.M.K., M.S.A., H.S.P., A.L.F., A.L.M.Z., and P.V.P. The first draft of the manuscript was written by R.S.S and T.L.P.O.S. The final version was written by P.V.P. and T.L.P.O.S. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Figure S1 Standard carioca seed type from common bean cultivar BRS Estilo, with light beige seeds, light brown stripes, opaque and not shiny (Credit: Araujo, 2022). (JPG 2771 kb)
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Figure S2 RT-PCR analysis of mechanically inoculated common bean cultivars BRS Sublime, BRS FC401 RMD and the transgenic line CNFCT 19120 for detection of CPMMV. C + is the positive control (previously inoculated and symptomatic common bean BRS FC401 RMD, resistant to BGMV), C- is the negative control (non-inoculated common bean plant cv. BRS FC401 RMD, resistant to BGMV) and water is the PCR control, without cDNA. (JPG 37 kb)
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Table S1 Microsatellite markers panels used for molecular diversity analysis of common bean, with the identification of the loci, their fluorescence, amplification range in base pairs (bp), primer sequences, and chromosome. (DOCX 14 kb)
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Table S2 Agronomic traits of the genetic material used for the development of superior common bean progenies with multiple resistance to viruses. (DOCX 16 kb)
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Table S3 Summary of the analysis of individual variance for the agronomic traits evaluated in 39 common bean superior progenies and three control cultivars, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil, in the rainy growing season/2016 and dry growing season/2017. (DOCX 26 kb)
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Table S4. Summary of the combined analysis of variance for the agronomic traits seed yield, 100-seed mass (100 M), plant architecture (PA), tolerance to lodging (TL), seed appearance (SaP) and virus disease severity (VS), evaluated in 39 common bean superior progenies and three control cultivars in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil, during the rainy growing season/2016 and dry growing season/2017. (DOCX 17 kb)
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Silva, R.S., Faria, J.C., Knupp, A.M. et al. Development and selection of transgenic advanced lines of carioca seeded common bean with multiple resistance to viruses. Euphytica 218, 67 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-022-03017-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-022-03017-9