Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore wild barley as a potential source of alleles controlling plant development that can be used to improve the adaptation of barley to the Australian environment. The HEB-25 population was evaluated in field conditions at Strathalbyn (South Australia) in 2015 and 2016 and phenotyped for five traits related to plant development, in addition to plant height and ear number. GWAS identified QTL for all traits, of which many co-localised with known phenology genes. In the Australian environment, it was found that the Gibberellic acid (GA)-dependant pathway is important in regulating key development stages including shooting, flowering and maturing compared to the photoperiod and vernalisation pathway. Beneficial alleles from wild barley were identified, such as at the QTL tightly linked to the swd1 locus belonging to the GA-dependant pathway, wild alleles from five subfamilies increased EAR by up to 2.23 ears per m2. At the identified QTL, a wide range of effects was observed due to the wild barley alleles thus providing new genetic diversity that can be utilised to fine-tune the adaptation of barley to the Australian environment.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Trung Dzung Nguyen, Giang Truong Nguyen, Hoa Thanh Nguyen, Simon Schreiber, Pauline Delano for their technical assistance with measuring and phenotyping in both field and laboratory conditions.
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This study was funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation (Project UA00148).
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A-TP, SC, JE, TM carried out the experiments. A-TP, AM and JT analysed the data. KP provided seed material. JE, SC and TM provided crucial information for the design of the experiments. A-TP and TM wrote the manuscript. All authors read, revised and approved the final manuscript.
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Supporting data and sources used for this manuscript are provided in Online Resource 1: Figure S1, Online Resource 2: Fig. S2, Online Resource 3: Fig. S3, Online Resource 4: Tables S4. Raw data generated in this work (approximately 2 Mbytes of data) are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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. Table S1. Summary of simple statistics for the seven traits measured in the field trial in 2015 and 2016. (DOCX 14 kb)
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. Fig. S1. Bar plots showing trait differences between the HEB-25 population and ten barley check varieties sown in the 2015 (A) and 2016 (B)’s experiments (TIFF 2919 kb)
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. Fig. S2. Bar plots showing the difference between two experimental years in flowering time (HEA) in both Julian days (A) and growing degree days (GDD, B) for ten control barley varieties. Yellow and light blue color represents the year 2015 and 2016, respectively (DOCX 5244 kb)
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. Table S2. Overview of all QTL and their significant effects on seven traits studied in 25 families of the HEB-25 population (XLSX 131 kb)
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Pham, AT., Maurer, A., Pillen, K. et al. Identification of wild barley derived alleles associated with plant development in an Australian environment. Euphytica 216, 148 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02686-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02686-8