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Performance of cowpea varieties under Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke infestation using biplot analysis

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Abstract

Striga gesnerioides (Willd) Vatke, is a major destructive parasitic weed of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) which causes substantial yield reduction in West and Central Africa. The presence of different virulent races within the parasite population contributes to significant genotype × environment interaction, and complicates breeding for durable resistance to Striga. A 3-year study was conducted at three locations in the dry savanna agro-ecology of Nigeria, where Striga gesnerioides is endemic. The primary objective of the study was to identify cowpea genotypes with high yield under Striga infestation and yield stability across test environments and to access suitability of the test environment. Data collected on grain yield and yield components were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means from ANOVA were subjected to the genotype main effect plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis to examine the multi-environment trial data and rank genotypes according to the environments. Genotypes, environment, and genotypes × environment interaction mean squares were significant for grain yield and yield components, and number of emerged Striga plants. The environment accounted for 35.01%, whereas the genotype × environment interaction accounted for 9.10% of the variation in grain yield. The GGE biplot identified UAM09 1046-6-1 (V7), and UAM09 1046-6-2 (V8), as ideal genotypes suggesting that these genotypes performed relatively well in all study environments and could be regarded as adapted to a wide range of locations. Tilla was the most repeatable and ideal location for selecting widely adapted genotypes for resistance to S. gesnerioides.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the staff of UAM Cowpea Breeding unit for providing technical support. The research was funded by Kirkhouse Trust UK (grant number 01) through financial grant to the Cowpea Breeding in Nigeria using Molecular Tools of the University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria

    Lucky O. Omoigui & Lateef L. Bello

  2. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

    Lucky O. Omoigui & Alpha Y. Kamara

  3. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Kano, Kano, Nigeria

    Hakeem A. Ajeigbe

  4. Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

    Richard O. Akinwale

  5. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA

    Michael P. Timko

  6. Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Muhyideen Oyekunle

Authors
  1. Lucky O. Omoigui
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  2. Alpha Y. Kamara
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  3. Hakeem A. Ajeigbe
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  4. Richard O. Akinwale
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  6. Muhyideen Oyekunle
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  7. Lateef L. Bello
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Correspondence to Lucky O. Omoigui.

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Omoigui, L.O., Kamara, A.Y., Ajeigbe, H.A. et al. Performance of cowpea varieties under Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke infestation using biplot analysis. Euphytica 213, 244 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-2034-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-2034-x

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