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Association mapping revealed SNP markers for adaptation to low phosphorus conditions and rock phosphate response in USDA cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm

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Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is a legume of economic importance world-wide, especially in Western Africa, where it is an important part of the population’s diet. The rapidly increasing population growth in Africa requires substantial increase in cowpea production, which can be achieved by expanding land areas for agricultural purposes. In addition, prevalence of soil acidity in Africa constrains such an alternative since phosphorus availability, a key element for plant growth and development, is limited, thus resulting in poor cowpea production. The objectives of this study were to conduct an association analysis for adaptation to low phosphorus conditions and rock phosphate response in cowpea, and to identify SNP markers associated with these two traits. A total of 357 cowpea accessions, collected worldwide, was evaluated for phosphorus stress and response to addition of rock phosphate. Association analysis was conducted using 1018 SNPs obtained using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). TASSEL 5 and R were used for association mapping studies based on six different models. The results indicated that: (1) substantial variability in adaptation to low phosphorus conditions and rock phosphate response exists in the USDA cowpea accession panel; (2) ten SNP markers, C35006753_110, C35028233_482, C35072764_1384, C35084634_455, Scaffold21750_4938, Scaffold26894_5408, Scaffold41885_14420, Scaffold45170_4650, Scaffold50732_679; and Scaffold88448_741 were found to be associated with tolerance to low phosphorus conditions in cowpea, and (3) eight SNP markers, C35028233_482, C35058535_121, Scaffold26894_5408, Scaffold45170_4650, Scaffold51609_507, Scaffold53730_7339, Scaffold74389_5733, and Scaffold87916_4921 were highly associated with rock phosphate response. These SNP markers can be used in a marker-assisted breeding (MAS) program to improve cowpea tolerance to phosphorus stress.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, 316 PTSC, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA

    Waltram Ravelombola, Jun Qin, Ainong Shi, Weiguo Lu, Yuejin Weng, Haizheng Xiong, Wei Yang & Gehendra Bhattarai

  2. Niger National Agronomic Research Institute (INRAN), Niamey, Niger

    Sabiou Mahamane

  3. College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA

    William A. Payne

  4. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2133 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    J. Creighton Miller Jr. & Douglas Scheuring

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  1. Waltram Ravelombola
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  2. Jun Qin
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  4. Weiguo Lu
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  7. Wei Yang
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  9. Sabiou Mahamane
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Correspondence to Ainong Shi.

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Ravelombola, W., Qin, J., Shi, A. et al. Association mapping revealed SNP markers for adaptation to low phosphorus conditions and rock phosphate response in USDA cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm. Euphytica 213, 183 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1971-8

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