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Selection of winter durum genotypes grown under conventional and organic conditions in different European regions

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Abstract

Quality and agronomic performance of 14 winter durum wheat genotypes (Gs) were examined in Austria, France and Hungary for 3 years. Heading time, wet gluten content, semolina yield and grain protein content are traits that showed G-dependent significant differences between the two management (M) systems examined (conventional and organic). Therefore, breeding for these traits could result in specifically adapted Gs for organic agriculture in different countries. Based on strong or moderately significant correlations between traits, gluten index and plant height could also be specifically selected in an indirect way. The need for environmentally specific selection for grain yield (GY) in later generations was also demonstrated. In general, varieties that had the highest performance in a given mega-environment (E) originated from that mega-E (except for yellow index). This finding provides evidence for the influence of the selection E, whether it is the M system or the growing region. As the French site fell into a distinct mega-E, it should be handled separately. The Hungarian site was found to be an ideal test E for selecting Gs with high adaptability for most of the quality traits, while the Austrian site could be used in selecting agronomic traits. This was also reflected in the breeding origin of the best winter durum Gs for each trait. Based on these findings, a partly separate winter durum selection program is recommended for organic and low input agriculture in each country. As a consequence, specific varieties adapted to sub-optimal growing conditions would support the emerging movement towards sustainable farming systems.

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Abbreviations

C:

Conventional (refers to conventional field methods)

E:

Environment

G:

Genotype

GD:

Grain diameter

GGE:

G + G × E interaction (refers to statistical biplot analysis)

GI:

Gluten index

GL:

Grain length

GP:

Grain protein content

GY:

Grain yield

HT:

Heading time

L:

Location (refers to trial location, equal to country)

M:

Management

O:

Organic (refers to organic field methods)

PH:

Plant height

REML:

REstricted Maximum Likelihood algorithm: estimates variance parameters in linear mixed models

SY:

Semolina yield

TGW:

Thousand grain weight

WG:

Wet gluten content

YI:

Yellow index

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Acknowledgements

This Research received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant Agreement No. 245058-SOLIBAM (Supplementary Hungarian Project EU_BONUS_12-1-2012-0032). Special thanks go to Jürg Hiltbrunner for valuable scientific advice.

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Author notes

  1. Péter Mikó and Gyula Vida have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary

    Péter Mikó, Gyula Vida, Marianna Rakszegi & Mária Megyeri

  2. Saatzucht Donau GmbH & Co KG, Saatzuchtstrasse 11, 2301, Probstdorf, Austria

    Julia Lafferty

  3. INRA - UMR Diversity and Genome of Cultivated Plants - Domaine de Melgueil, 34130, Mauguio, France

    Bruno Lorentz

  4. State Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

    Carl Friedrich Horst Longin

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  1. Péter Mikó
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  2. Gyula Vida
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  3. Marianna Rakszegi
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  4. Julia Lafferty
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  5. Bruno Lorentz
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  7. Mária Megyeri
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marianna Rakszegi.

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Mikó, P., Vida, G., Rakszegi, M. et al. Selection of winter durum genotypes grown under conventional and organic conditions in different European regions. Euphytica 213, 169 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1953-x

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