Abstract
Peach and nectarine cultivars have been released worldwide according to regional preference and local adaptability. However, few reports have provided statistical analyses and comprehensive comparisons of Eastern and Western cultivars. In this study, 22 phenotypic characteristics of 120 peach and nectarine cultivars collected from various countries were examined to determine their diversity and relationships. Based on phenological traits, Western cultivars bloomed earlier than Eastern cultivars, with no difference in ripening time. Fruit shape of Eastern cultivars was close to oblate, while fruit weights were similar. In addition, higher soluble solids concentration (SSC) and lower titratable acidity were observed in Eastern cultivars. In health benefit traits, such as total flavonoid concentration, total phenol concentration, and antioxidant capacity, there was no difference between Eastern and Western type. Positive correlation between chilling unit (CU) and latitude of origin was also found. In addition, the CU was closely associated with flowering date. Relationships among the phenotypic characteristics were also found. Ripening date showed significant and positive correlations with fruit development period, fruit weight, and SSC. In general, cultivars with late ripening times tend to produce high-quality fruit with a sweet taste and large size. The evaluation of a large number of cultivars from various regions with phenotypic variability could provide valuable information on regional preference or local adaptability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (2010) http://www.aemet.es/en/conocermas/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010. Accessed 28 June 2015
Alcalá AR, Barranco D (1992) Prediction of flowering time in olive for the Cordoba olive collection. HortScience 27:1205–1207
Bliss FA, Arulsekar S, Foolad MR, Becerra V, Gillen AM, Warburton ML, Dandekar AM, Kocsisne GM, Mydin KK (2002) An expanded genetic linkage map of Prunus based on an interspecific cross between almond and peach. Genome 45:520–529
Boonprakob U, Byrne DH, Rouse RE (1992) Response of fruit development period to temperature during specific periods after full bloom in peach. Fruit Var J 46:137–140
Bruhn CM (1995) Consumer and retailer satisfaction with the quality and size of California peaches and nectarines. J Food Qual 18:241–256
Byrne DH (2002) Peach breeding trends: a world wide perspective. Acta Hortic 592:49–59
Byrne DH (2005) Trends in stone fruit cultivar development. Hortic Technol 15:494–500
Byrne DH (2012) Trends in fruit breeding. In: Badenes ML, Byrne DH (eds) Fruit breeding. Springer, New York, pp 3–36
Byrne DH, Anderson N (2013) White delight peach series, four medium-chill subacid white-fleshed peaches. HortScience 48:1056–1058
Byrne DH, Nikolic AN, Burns EE (1991) Variability in sugars, acids, firmness, and color characteristics of 12 peach genotypes. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116:1004–1006
Byrne DH, Raseira MB, Bassi D, Piagnani MC, Gasic K, Reighard GL, Moreno MA, Pérez S (2012) Peach. In: Badenes ML, Byrne DH (eds) Fruit breeding. Springer, New York, pp 505–569
Cantin CM, Gorgorcena Y, Moreno MA (2010) Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding progenies. Euphytica 171:211–226
Cevallos-Casals BA, Byrne D, Okie WR, Cisneros-Zevallos L (2006) Selecting new peach and plum genotypes rich in phenolic compounds and enhanced functional properties. Food Chem 96:273–280
Crisosto CH, Crisosto GM (2005) Relationship between ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC) and consumer acceptance of high and low acid melting flesh peach and nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cultivars. Postharvest Biol Technol 38:239–246
Crisosto CH, Garner D, Crisosto GM, Bowerman E (2004) Increasing ‘Blackamber’ plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) consumer acceptance. Postharvest Biol Technol 34:237–244
Della Strada G, Fideghelli C, Grassi F (1996) Peach and nectarine cultivars introduced in the world from 1980 to 1992. Acta Hortic 374:43–51
Dirlewanger E, Moing A, Pronier V, Svanella L, Guye A, Monet R, Rothan C (1998) Detection of QTLs controlling peach fruit acidity and sweetness. Acta Hortic 465:89–98
Dirlewanger E, Moing A, Rothan C, Svanella L, Pronier V, Guye A, Plomion C, Monet R (1999) Mapping QTLs controlling fruit quality in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Theor Appl Genet 98:18–31
Egea J, Ortega E, Martínez-Gómez P, Dicenta F (2003) Chilling and heat requirement of almond cultivars for flowering. Environ Exp Bot 50:79–85
Etienne C, Rothan C, Moing A, Plomion C, Bodénès C, Svanella-Dumas L, Cosson P, Pronier V, Monet R, Dirlewanger E (2002) Candidate genes and QTLs for sugar and organic acid content in peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch]. Theor Appl Genet 105:145–159
Fan S, Bielenberg DG, Zhebentyayeva TN, Reighard GL, Okie WR, Holland D, Abbott AG (2010) Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with chilling requirement, heat requirement and bloom date in peach (Prunus persica). New Phytol 185:917–930
Faust M, Timon B (1995) Origin and dissemination of the peach. Hortic Rev 17:331–379
Fernandez-Escobar R, Benlloch M, Navarro C, Martin GC (1992) The time of floral induction in the olive. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 117:304–307
Fideghelli C, Della Strada G, Grassi F, Morico G (1998) The peach industry in the world: present situation and trend. Acta Hortic 465:29–40
Font i Forcada CF, Gradziel TM, Gogorcena Y, Moreno MA (2014) Phenotypic diversity among local Spanish and foreign peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] accessions. Euphytica 197:261–277
Génard M, Bruchou C (1992) Multivariate analysis of within-tree factors accounting for the variation of peach fruit quality. Sci Hortic 52:37–51
Gil MI, Tomás-Barberán FA, Hess-Pierce B, Kader AA (2002) Antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamin C contents of nectarine, peach, and plum cultivars from California. J Agric Food Chem 50:4976–4982
Jun JH, Kwon JH, Nam EY, Chung KH, Yun IK, Yun SK, Kang SJ (2013) ‘Yumi’ peach. HortScience 48:1416–1417
Kim YH, Cho MD, Lee DK, Lee CS, Yu YS (1978) The new peach cultivar ‘Yumyeong’. Res Rep Rural Dev Admin Hortic Agric Eng 20:1–5
Kim DO, Lee KW, Lee HJ, Lee CY (2002) Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals. J Agric Food Chem 50:3713–3717
Korea Seed and Variety Service (2015) http://www.seed.go.kr/protection/situation/register_01.jsp. Accessed 28 June 2015
Kwon JH, Park HY, Jun JH, Lee HJ (2008) Changes of sugar composition and related enzyme activities of ‘Kansuke Hakuto’ and ‘Kurakatawase’ peach after rainfall. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 49:85–89
Ma R, Yu M, Du P, Shen Z, Byrne DH (2006) Inbreeding and coancestry of the major commercial fresh market peach cultivars in China. Acta Hortic 713:145–148
Nikolić D, Rakonjac V, Milatović D, Fotirić M (2010) Multivariate analysis of vineyard peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] germplasm collection. Euphytica 171:227–234
Okie WR, Bacon T, Bassi D (2008) Fresh market cultivar development. In: Layne DR, Bassi D (eds) The peach: botany, production and uses. CAB International, Oxfordshire, pp 139–174
Okie WR, Blackburn B (2011) Increasing chilling reduces heat requirement for floral budbreak in peach. HortScience 46:245–252
Pawasut A, Fujishige N, Yamane K, Yamaki Y, Honjo H (2004) Relationships between chilling and heat requirement for flowering in ornamental peaches. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 73:519–523
Pinneyv K, Polito VS (1990) Flower initiation in Manzanillo olive. Acta Hortic 286:203–205
Pooler MR, Scorza R (1995) Regeneration of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] rootstock cultivars from cotyledons of mature stored seed. HortScience 30:355–356
Predieri S, Ragazzini P, Rondelli R (2006) Sensory evaluation and peach fruit quality. Acta Hortic 713:429–434
Ruiz D, Egea J (2008) Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm. Euphytica 163:143–158
Sansavini S, Gamberini A, Bassi D (2006) Peach breeding, genetics and new cultivar trends. Acta Hortic 713:23–48
Scorza R, Mehlenbacher SA, Lightner GW (1985) Inbreeding and coancestry of freestone peach cultivars of the Eastern United States and implications for peach germplasm improvement. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 110:547–552
Topp BL, Sherman WB (1989) Location influences on fruit traits of low-chill peaches in Australia. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 102:195–199
Wert TW, Williamson JG, Chaparro JX, Miller EP, Rouse RE (2009) The influence of climate on fruit development and quality of four low-chill peach cultivars. HortScience 44:666–670
Westwood MN (1993) Species and varieties. In: Westwood MN (ed) Temperate zone pomology, 3rd edn. Timber press, San Francisco, pp 67–114
Xie R, Li X, Chai M, Song L, Jia H, Wu D, Chen M, Chen K, Aranzana MJ, Gao Z (2010) Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Asian peach accessions using a selected set of SSR markers. Sci Hortic 125:622–629
Xu DH, Wahyuni S, Sato Y, Yamaguchi M, Tsunematsu H, Ban T (2006) Genetic diversity and relationships of Japanese peach (Prunus persica L.) cultivars revealed by AFLP and pedigree tracing. Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:883–889
Yamamoto T, Mochida K, Hayashi T (2003) Shanhai suimitsuto, one of the origins of Japanese peach cultivars. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 72:116–121
Yoshida M (1970) Genetical studies on the fruit quality of peach varieties. Bull Hortic Res Sta Jpn 9:1–15
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the research project “Evaluation of adaption of cultivated area and development of cultivation manual of new peach and nectarine cultivars (No. PJ01017701)”, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kwon, J.H., Jun, J.H., Nam, E.Y. et al. Profiling diversity and comparison of Eastern and Western cultivars of Prunus persica based on phenotypic traits. Euphytica 206, 401–415 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1494-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1494-0