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Salt tolerance and alterations in cytosine methylation in the interspecific hybrids of Fraxinus velutina and Fraxinus mandshurica

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Abstract

For cross-pollination trees, the optimal breeding method is hybridization. Tree heterosis is commonly present and is the main research focus in tree crossbreeding. Salt stress and interspecific hybridization may lead to DNA methylation changes. The study crossed Fraxinus mandshurica (female parent) with Fraxinus velutina (male parent) to obtain interspecific F1 hybrid progenies that could obtain the good characters of parents. The results showed that growth and survival rate of the interspecific hybrid progenies (F1 hybrids of F. mandshurica × F. velutina) were significantly higher than those of intraspecific open pollinated plants from parental F. mandshurica and F. velutina. Salt tolerance and cytosine methylation in interspecific F1 hybrids and the intraspecific open pollinated plants from parents were examined. Membrane permeability, ROS and antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde, and photosynthesis were measured after salt treatment and genomic methylation was analyzed using a methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism protocol. F1 hybrids exhibited heterosis for growth in normal as well as high salt conditions. DNA methylation in the F1 hybrids was lower than the intraspecific open pollinated plants from parents. Salt treatments changed DNA methylation patterns in F1 hybrids. Genomic DNA of the intraspecific open pollinated plants from parents had internal cytosine methylation (average of 13.22 %), whereas F1 hybrid seedlings had external cytosine methylation (average of 7.34 %). Such changes in DNA methylation patterns in F1 hybrids suggest a connection between salt tolerance and epigenetic mechanisms in plants. We observed that alteration of DNA methylation was closely correlated with the adaptation to the salt stress and provided epigenetic mechanisms of salt tolerance in the interspecific hybridization of trees.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

mC:

Methylcytosine

MDAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

POD:

Peroxidises

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SE:

Standard error

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Pn:

Net photosynthetic rate

Gs:

Stomatal conductance

Ci:

Intercellular CO2 concentration

Tr:

Transpiration rate

MSAP:

Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by The National Forestry Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAD01B0503), The Innovation Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University) (2013B04) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO: 31270697) and Harbin Science and Technology Innovation Funds (RC2011QN002051). We also thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for many detailed and helpful comments that improved the quality of this manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Data archiving statement

The research performed in the present study did not produce any data on nucleic acid or protein sequences, genetic maps, SNPs or gene expression that could be deposited in the public databases. Data of enzyme assays and physiological parameters is stored at Northeast Forestry University, Harbin (http://www.nefu.edu.cn/).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Fan-Suo Zeng & Ya-Guang Zhan

  2. College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Fan-Suo Zeng, Lei-Lei Li, Nan-Song Liang, Xuan Wang, Xiang Li & Ya-Guang Zhan

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Zeng, FS., Li, LL., Liang, NS. et al. Salt tolerance and alterations in cytosine methylation in the interspecific hybrids of Fraxinus velutina and Fraxinus mandshurica . Euphytica 205, 721–737 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1432-1

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