Abstract
High concentration of reduced iron (Fe2+) in waterlogged acid soils is a constraint for growing wheat in high rainfall (waterlogged-prone) areas of Western Australia. Growing crop genotypes tolerant to high Fe2+ concentrations may be desirable in such situations, but there is no knowledge about the extent of variability in Fe2+ tolerance in the wheat germplasm. A bioassay for tolerance to high concentrations of iron in wheat was developed and optimised using Siete Cerros (Fe-tolerant) and BH1146 (Fe-intolerant) as control genotypes and a range of FeSO4 concentrations (36, 313, 625, 1250, 1875, 2500 and 3125 μM Fe2+) in nutrient solution in a controlled-temperature environment. Increasing external concentration of iron decreased both shoot and root dry weight, increased shoot iron concentration and intensified the development of toxicity symptoms to a greater degree in intolerant BH1146 as compared to tolerant Siete Cerros. Increased iron supply negatively affected uptake of Ca (r = −0.41) and Mg (r = −0.40). The tolerant genotype Siete Cerros showed an improved avoidance/exclusion of high external concentration of Fe2+ compared with intolerant BH1146. The genotypic discrimination based on relative root dry weight and the development of toxicity symptoms was most pronounced at 625 μM Fe2+. This concentration was chosen for screening of 20 bread wheat and one durum genotype chosen from a preliminary screening of 94 Australian wheat genotypes. A relatively narrow but significant variation (22–38%) in terms of relative root dry weight under Fe2+ toxicity was observed among Australian advanced breeding lines and varieties. The presence of genotypic variation for Fe2+ tolerance across and within the Australian breeding programs could be exploited in a deliberate selection process to enhance Fe2+ tolerance in wheat. Durum wheat (Arrivato) and several Australian wheat varieties and advanced lines in this study were as tolerant to Fe2+ toxicity as Siete Cerros, a variety representing common parentage of iron-tolerant genotypes.
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Acknowledgments
We thank M. Mackay, K. Jose, J. Garling, N. Venn, D. Leah and A. Bedggood for providing the seeds of various genotypes used in this study; M. Smirk for ICP and AAS analysis of samples and B. Sadeghzadeh for his invaluable assistance and help in conducting the experimental work. This research was funded by Australian Research Council and Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA).
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Khabaz-Saberi, H., Rengel, Z., Wilson, R. et al. Variation for tolerance to high concentration of ferrous iron (Fe2+) in Australian hexaploid wheat. Euphytica 172, 275–283 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0069-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0069-3