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Water use efficiency among dry bean landraces and cultivars in drought-stressed and non-stressed environments

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Abstract

The agricultural use of water is higher than 85% in the western USA, resulting in an increasing water deficit in the region; this situation is commonly encountered throughout the world where irrigated and irrigation-assisted production systems are operational. The objective of this study was to examine differences among dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces and cultivars in terms of water use efficiency (WUE), subsequently identifying those with a high water use efficiency. Six medium-seeded (25–40 g 100 seed wt−1) landraces and cultivars of pinto and red market classes were evaluated in intermittent drought-stressed (DS) and non-stressed (NS) environments at Kimberly, Idaho, USA in 2003 and 2004. Each market class comprised one each of a landrace and old and new cultivars. Mean evapotranspiration (ET) in the NS environment was 384 mm in 2003 and 432 mm in 2004; the respective ET values in the DS environment were 309 and 268 mm. Mean seed yield was higher in the DS (2678 kg ha−1) and NS (3779 kg ha−1) environments in 2004 than in 2003 (688 and 1800 kg ha−1, respectively). Under severe drought stress in 2003, WUE in the pinto bean ranged from 1.5 for the Common Pinto landrace to 4.4 kg ha−1 mm−1 water for cv. Othello. The Common Red Mexican landrace had the highest WUE (3.7), followed by cvs. NW 63 (2.8) and UI 259 (1.4) in the red market class. Under favorable milder climatic conditions in 2004, the mean WUE value was 10 kg ha−1 mm−1 water in the DS environment and 8.7 kg ha−1 mm−1 water in the NS environment. We conclude that dry bean landraces and cultivars with high WUE should be used to reduce dependence on irrigation water and to develop drought-resistant cultivars to maximize yield and WUE.

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Abbreviations

DS:

Intermittent drought-stressed

DSI:

Drought susceptibility index

ET:

Evapotranspiration

NS:

Non-stressed

PR:

Percentage reduction in seed yield due to drought stress

WUE:

Water use efficiency

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Acknowledgments

Financial support received from the USDA-Western Regional Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education program (Project no. WS02-038) from 2002 to 2005 is highly appreciated. C.G. Muñoz was also partially funded through the Graduate Research Assistantship from the Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow. We are also grateful to H. Terán, M. Lema, R. Hayes, C. Robison, and M. Dennis for their assistance with plot management, soil water potential measurements, and data analyses and tabulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kimberly Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID, 83341-5076, USA

    Carlos German Muñoz-Perea, Richard G. Allen & Shree P. Singh

  2. USDA-ARS-Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID, 83341-5076, USA

    Dale T. Westermann & James L. Wright

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  1. Carlos German Muñoz-Perea
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  2. Richard G. Allen
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  3. Dale T. Westermann
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  4. James L. Wright
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  5. Shree P. Singh
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Correspondence to Shree P. Singh.

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Muñoz-Perea, C.G., Allen, R.G., Westermann, D.T. et al. Water use efficiency among dry bean landraces and cultivars in drought-stressed and non-stressed environments. Euphytica 155, 393–402 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9340-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9340-z

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