Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of resistance of cassava genotypes to bacterial blight by evaluation of leaf and systemic symptoms in relation to yield in different ecozones

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Twenty-two improved and local cassava genotypes were evaluated for their bacterial blight symptom types in reaction to infection by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis under field conditions in the forest, forest savanna transition and wet savanna zones of Togo. High genotype × environment interactions in development of each symptom type were observed. Combining data on environments and genotypes, spot, blight and wilt symptoms were positively correlated. Analysing genotype reactions across environments, indications for independent mechanisms of resistance on leaf and stem level, varying by genotype, were found. Genotypes Main27 with resistance to spot and blight symptoms and TMS4(2)1425 with resistance to wilt symptoms are recommended to breeders to introgress their resistance characteristics. Significant negative correlations were generally observed between blight and wilt symptom development and root yield across ecozones, with blight being more important under lower, and wilt under higher inoculum pressure. Genotypes TMS30572, CVTM4, TMS92/0429 and TMS91/02316 showed low spot, blight and wilt symptoms combined with high root yield across ecozones.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akparobi SO, Togun AO, Ekanayake IJ (1998) Assessment of cassava genotypes for resistance to cassava mosaic disease, cassava bacterial blight and cassava green mite at a low mid-altitude site in Nigeria. African Crop Sci J 6:385–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Banito A (2003) Integrated control of cassava bacterial blight in West Africa in relation to ecozones, host plant resistance and cultural practics. PhD Thesis, University of Hannover, Germany. http://www.gartenbau.uni-hannover.de/ipp/ipp/Publikationen/Dissertationen.html

  • Banito A, Kpémoua K, Wydra K, Rudolph K (2001) Bacterial blight of cassava in Togo: its importance the virulence of the pathogen and the resistance of genotypes. In: DeBoer S (ed) Plant pathogenic bacteria. Kluwer Academic Press, Netherlandsk, pp 259–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Boher B, Agbobli CA (1992) La bactériose vasculaire du manioc au Togo: charactérisation du parasite, répartition géographique et sensibilité variétale. Agron Trop 46:131–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Boher B, Verdier V (1994) Cassava bacterial blight in Africa: the state of knowledge and implications to designing control strategies. African Crop Sci J 2:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Bondar G (1915) Molestia bacteriana da mandioca. Boletim de Agricultura Sao Paulo 16:513–524

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon AGO, Nukenine EN (2000) Genotype × environment interaction and optimum resource allocation for yield and yield components of cassava. African Crop Sci J 8:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • DMN (2001) Direction de la Météorologie Nationale Togolaise, Division de la Climatologie, Lomé, Togo

  • Dye DB (1962) The inadequacy of the usual determinative tests for the identification of Xanthomonas spp. N Z J Sci 5:393–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Flood J, Cooper RM, Deshappriya N, Day RC (1995) Resistance of cassava (Manihot esculenta) to Xanthomonas blight in vitro and in planta. Asp Appl Biol 42:277–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Fokunang CN, Akem CN, Dixon AGO, Ikotun T (2000a) Evaluation of a cassava germplasm collection for reaction to three major diseases and the effect on yield. Genet Resour Crop Evol 47:63–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fokunang CN, Ikotun T, Dixon AGO, Akem CN (2000b) Field reaction of cassava genotypes to anthracnose, bacterial blight, cassava mosaic disease and their effects on yield. African Crop Sci J 8:179–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn SK, Terry ER, Leuschner K, Akobundu IO, Okali C, Lal R (1979) Cassava improvement in Africa. Field Crops Res 2:193–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeger MJ, Viljanen-Rollinson SLH (2001) The use of the area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) to assess quantitative disease resistance in crop cultivars. Theor Appl Genet 102:32–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorge V, Fregene MA, Duque MC, Bonierbale MW, Tohme J, Verdier V (2000) Genetic mapping of resistance to bacterial blight disease in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Theor Appl Genet 101:865–872

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kpémoua EK, Boher B, Nicole M, Calatayud P, Geiger JP (1996) Cytochemistry of defence responses in cassava infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis. Can J Microbiol 42:1131–1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamouroux M (1979) Notice explicative No. 34. Carte pédologique du Togo au 1/1000000. Bondy, ORSTOM, Togo

  • Lozano JC (1986) Cassava bacterial blight: a manageable disease. Plant Dis 70:1089–1093

    Google Scholar 

  • Otoo JA, Dixonv AGO, Asiedu R, Okeke JE, Maroya GN, Tougnon K, Okoli OO, Tetteh JP, Hahn SK (1994) Genotype × environment interaction studies with cassava. symposium on tropical root crops in a developing economy. Acta Hortic 380:144–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo S, Duque MC, Verdier V (2000a) Characterization of pathotypes among isolates of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in Colombia. Plant Pathol 49:680–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo S, Duque MC, Verdier V (2000b) Resistance spectrum of selected Manihot esculenta genotypes under field conditions. Field Crops Res 65:69–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sãnchez G, Restrepo S, Duque MC, Bonierbale M, Verdier V (1999) AFLP assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (CBB). Genome 42:163–172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott RA, Milliken GA (1993) A SAS program for analysing augmented randomized complete block designs. Crop Sci 33:865–867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaner G, Finney RE (1977) The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow-mildewing resistance in Knox wheat. Phytopathology 67:1051–1056

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vauterin L, Hoste B, Kersters K, Swings GJ (1995) Reclassification of Xanthomonas. Int J Syst Bact 45:472–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfinger RD, Federer WT, Cordero-Brana O (1997) Recovering information in augmented designs using SAS PROC GLM and PROC MIXED. Agron J 89:856–859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wydra K (2002) The concept of resistance, tolerance and latency in bacterial diseases: examples from cassava and cowpea. ‘New Aspects of Resistance Research on Cultivated Plants’ Bacterial Diseases. Beitr Züchtungsforschung BAZ 8(3):36–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Wydra K, Rudolph K (1999) Development and implementation of integrated control methods for major diseases of cassava and cowpea in West-Africa. Göttinger Beitr. Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen 133:174–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Wydra K, Verdier V (2002) Occurrence of cassava diseases in relation to environmental, agronomic and plant characteristics. Agric Ecosyst Environ 93:211–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wydra K, Fanou A, Sikirou R, Zandjanakou M, Zinsou V, Rudolph K (2001) Integrated control of bacterial diseases of cassava and cowpea in West Africa. In: DeBoer S (ed) Plant pathogenic bacteria. Kluwer Academic Press, Netherlands, pp 280–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Wydra K, Agbicodo E, Ahohuendo B, Banito A, Cooper RMC, Dixon A, Jorge V, Kemp B, Kpémoua K, Rudolph K, Verdier V, Witt F, Zandjanakou M, Zinsou V (2004a) Integrated control of cassava bacterial blight by (1) combined cultural control measures and (2) host plant resistance adapted to agro-ecological conditions, and (3) improved pathogen detection. Proceedings of the 8th triennial symposium International Society Tropical Root Crops - Africa Branch (ISTRC-AB), November 2001, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp 506–515

  • Wydra K, Zinsou V, Jorge V, Verdier V (2004b) Identification of pathotypes of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in Africa and detection of quantitative trait loci and markers for resistance to bacterial blight. Phytopathol 94:1084–1093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zinsou V, Wydra K, Agbicodo E, Ahohouendo B, Rudolph K (2001) Studies on resistance of cassava genotypes to cassava bacterial blight. In: DeBoer S (ed) Plant pathogenic bacteria. Kluwer Academic Press, Netherlands, pp 301–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinsou V, Wydra K, Ahohuendo B, Jorge V, Verdier V (2002) Evaluation of cassava genotypes, including individuals of their genome mapping population, for resistance against bacterial blight. ‘New Aspects of Resistance Research on Cultivated Plants’ Bacterial Diseases. Beitr Züchtungsforschung BAZ 8(3):31–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinsou V, Wydra K, Ahohuendo B, Hau B (2004a) Genotype × environment interactions in symptom development and yield of cassava genotypes in reaction to cassava bacterial blight. Eur J Plant Pathol 111:217–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinsou V, Wydra K, Ahohuendo B, Hau B (2004b) Effect of soil amendments, intercropping and planting time in combination on the severity of cassava bacterial blight and yield in two ecozones of West Africa. Plant Pathol 53:585–595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinsou V, Wydra K, Ahohuendo B, Schreiber L (2006) Stomatal distribution and leaf waxes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in relation to resistance against cassava bacterial blight. Euphytica 149:189–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the European Union, INCO-DC programme, Contract Number IC18-CT-1998–0306. We thank the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Station Cotonou, Benin, and the Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Lomé, Togo, for logistic support in field and laboratory trials.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Hannover, 30419, Germany

    Kerstin Wydra & Agnassim Banito

  2. Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), Cacavéli, BP 1163, Lomé, Togo

    Agnassim Banito & Kossi Esotina Kpémoua

  3. Ecole Supérieure d’Agronomie (ESA), Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé, Togo

    Agnassim Banito

Authors
  1. Kerstin Wydra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Agnassim Banito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kossi Esotina Kpémoua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kerstin Wydra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wydra, K., Banito, A. & Kpémoua, K.E. Characterization of resistance of cassava genotypes to bacterial blight by evaluation of leaf and systemic symptoms in relation to yield in different ecozones. Euphytica 155, 337–348 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9335-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9335-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation