Abstract
Resistance to four foliar diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris), virus yellows caused by Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and Beet yellows virus (BYV), powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae) and Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), was assessed in up to 600 accessions of closely related wild and cultivated Beta species. Most accessions were from the Section Beta, a taxon containing types most closely related to, and sexually compatible with, sugar beet and therefore most valuable for use in crop improvement. Between 1–12% of accessions were highly resistant (resistance scores of ≤2 on an international standardised resistance scale of 1–9) to these diseases. These levels, however, underestimate the potential number of resistant sources available from this section as some accessions with intermediate mean resistance scores contained a significant proportion of highly resistant plants within segregating populations. Variation in resistance to all diseases except BYV was observed within the Section Beta. Much higher levels of resistance were observed, and more frequently, in more distantly related sections of the genus Beta. Accessions of the Section Corollinae were highly resistant to both viruses (>62% of accessions tested), but less so to Cercospora (15%) and they were very susceptible to powdery mildew. Section Procumbentes accessions were highly resistant to BMYV and Cercospora (100%) but less so to powdery mildew (50%) and BYV (20%). However, sexual incompatibility between these sections and sugar beet make utilisation of these sources impractical using conventional breeding methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anon, 1982. Pests, Diseases and Disorders of Sugar Beet. Deleplanque & Cie, Maisons Lafitte, France.
Ayala, J. & L. Gordo, 1998. Effets de l’Oïdium et de la cercosporiose sur le rendement et al qualité de la betterave sucrière dans les conditions espagnoles. Plenary meeting Mediterranean Section of Institut International de Recherches Betteravières, pp. 21–30. IIRB, Brussels.
Buttler, K.P., 1977. Revision von Beta Sektion Corollinae (Chenopodiacea). I. Selbsterile Basisarten. Mitt Bot Munich 13: 255–336.
Byford, W.J., 1996. A survey of foliar diseases of sugar beet and their control. In Proceedings of the 59th Congress of the Institut International de Recherches Betteravières, pp. 1–10. IIRB, Brussels.
Cai, D., M. Kleine, S. Kifle, H-J. Harloff, N.N. Sandel, K.A. Marcker, R.M. Klein-Lankhorst, E.M.J. Salentijn, W. Lange, W.J. Stiekema, U. Wyss, F.M.W. Grundler & C. Jung, 1997. Positional cloning of a gene for nematode resistance in sugar beet. Science 275: 832–834.
Campbell, C.L. & L.V. Madden, 1990. Introduction to Plant Disease Epidemiology. J.W. Wiley and Sons. New York.
Cariolle, M., 1990. La jaunisse virale en Europe: evolution récente, incidence données épidémiologiques et schema d’avertissements. In Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the Institut International de Recherches Betteravières, pp. 307–322. IIRB, Brussels.
Cooke, D.A. & R.K. Scott, 1993. The Sugar Beet Crop. Chapman & Hall, London
Coons, G.H., 1954. The wild species of Beta. Proc Am Soc Sugar Beet Technologists 8: 142–147.
Dewar, A.M., L.A. Haylock & P.M.J. Ecclestone, 1996. Strategies for controlling aphids and virus yellows in sugar beet. Proc Brit Crop Prot Conf – Pest and Diseases 1: 185–190.
Doney, D.L., 1993. Broadening the Genetic Base of Sugarbeet. J Sugar Beet Res 30: 209–219.
Duffus, J.E. & E.G. Ruppel, 1993. Diseases. In: D.A. Cooke & R.K. Scott (Eds.), The Sugar Beet Crop, pp. 346–427. Chapman & Hall, London.
Francis, S.A., 2002. Sugar-beet powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae). Mol Plant Pathol 3: 119–124.
Francis, S.A. & M.C. Luterbacher, 2003. Identification and exploitation of novel disease resistance genes in sugar beet. Pest Manag Sci 59: 225–230.
Frese, L. & B. Desprez, 1999. Utilization of Beta genetic resources. In: T. Gass, L. Frese, F. Begemann & E. Lipman (Eds.), Implementation of the Global Plan of Action in Europe – Conversation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, pp. 172–180. IPGRI, Rome.
Frese, L., B. Desprez & D. Ziegler, 2001. Potential of genetic resources and breeding strategies for base-broadening in Beta. In H.D. Cooper, C. Spillane & T. Hodgkin (Eds.), Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production, pp. 295–309. IPGRI/FAO, Rome.
Hauser, S., M. Stevens, C. Mougel, H.G. Smith, C. Fritsch, E. Herrbach & O. Lemaire, 2000. Biological, serological and molecular variability suggest three distinct polerovirus species infecting beet or rape. Phytopathol 90: 460–466.
Heijbroek, W., A.J. Roelands, J. H. De Jong, C. Van Hulst, A.H.L. Schoone & R.G. Munning, 1988. Sugar beets homozygous for resistance to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm) developed from monosomic additions of B.procumbens to B. vulgaris. Euphytica 38: 121–131.
Holtschulte, B., 2000. Cercospora beticola – worldwide distribution and incidence. In: Cercospora beticola Sacc. Biology, agronomic influence and control measures in sugar beet; Advances in Sugar Beet Research, pp. 5–16. IIRB, Brussels.
Ioannidis, P.M. & G.S. Karaoglandis, 2000. Competition between DMI sensitive and resistant strains of Cercospora beticola on untreated sugar beet crops. In: Proceedings of the 63rd Congress of the Institut International de Recherches Betteravières pp. 489–497. IIRB, Brussels.
IDBB, 2003. International Database for Beta (IDBB). Website: www.genres.de/idb/beta
Jung, C., K. Pillen, S. Fähr & A.E. Melchinger, 1993. Phylogenetic relationships between cultivated and wild species of the genus Beta revealed by DNA ‘fingerprinting’. Theor Appl Genet 96: 449–457.
Lange, W., W.A. Brandenburg & Th. S.M. De Bock, 1999. Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Bot J Linn Soc 130: 81–96.
Lewellen, R.T. & J.K. Schrandt, 2001. Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in sugar beet derived from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima. Plant Dis 85: 627–631.
Luterbacher, M.C., J.M. Smith & M.J.C. Asher, 1998. Sources of disease resistance in wild Beta germplasm. Asp App Biol 52: 423–429.
Munerati, O., 1932. Sull’incrocio della barbabietola coltivata con la beta selvaggia della costa adriatica. L’Industria Saccarifera Italiana 25: 303–304.
Nilsson N-O, M. Hansen, A.H. Panagopolous, S. Tuvesson, M. Ehlde, M Christiansson, I.M. Rading, M. Rissler & T. Kraft, 1999. QTL analysis of Cercospora beticola leaf spot resistance. Plant Breeding 118: 327–334.
Panella, L. & L. Frese, 2000. Cercospora resistance in Beta species and the development of resistant sugar beet lines. In: Cercospora beticola Sacc. Biology, agronomic influence and control measures in sugar beet; Advances in Sugar Beet Research, pp. 163–176. IIRB, Brussels.
Poehlman, J.M., 1987. Breeding Field Crops, 3rd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Ruppel, E.G., 1995. Cercospora leaf spot. In E.D. Whitney & J.E. Duffus (Eds.) Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects, pp. 8–9. American Phytopathological Society, St. Pauls, Minnesota.
Ruppel, E.G. & B.J. Tomasovic, 1997. Epidemiological factors of sugar beet powdery mildew. Phytopathol 67: 619–621.
Schäfer-Pregl R, D.C. Borchardt, E. Barzen, C. Glass, W. Mechelke, J.F. Seitzer & F. Salamini, 1999. Localisation of QTLs for tolerance to Cercospora beticola on sugar beet linkage groups. Theor Appl Genet 99: 829–836.
Scholten, O.E. & W. Lange, 2000. Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet: a review. Euphytica 112: 219-231.
Skaracis, G.N. & E. Biancardi, 2000. Breeding for Cercospora resistance in sugar beet. In: Cercospora beticola Sacc. Biology, agronomic influence and control measures in sugar beet; Advances in Sugar Beet Research, pp. 177 -195. IIRB, Brussels.
Smith, H.G. & P.B. Hallsworth, 1990. The effects of yellowing viruses on yield of sugar beet in field trials, 1985 and 1987. Ann Appl Biol 116: 503–511.
Smith, H.G., I. Barker, G. Brewer, M. Stevens & P.B. Hallsworth, 1996. Production and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of beet mild yellowing luteovirus and related strains. Eur J Plant Pathol 102: 163–169.
Stevens, M. H.G. Smith & P.B. Hallsworth, 1994. The host range of beet yellowing viruses among arable weed species. Plant Pathol 43: 579–588.
Van Geyt, J.P.C, W. Lange, M. Oleo & T.S.M. De Bock, 1990. Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: a review. Euphytica 49: 57–76.
Whitney, E.D., 1989. Beta maritima as a source of powdery mildew resistance in sugar beet. Plant Disease 73: 487–489.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-013-0864-8.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luterbacher, M., Asher, M., DeAmbrogio, E. et al. Sources of resistance to diseases of sugar beet in related Beta germplasm: I. Foliar diseases. Euphytica 139, 105–121 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-2488-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-2488-5