Abstract
In many situations centralized collection and treatment of solid waste is not practical. In these decentralized scenarios, onsite treatment can be used to meet treatment objectives such as maintaining public health and environmental quality, managing logistical constraints, generating power, and reducing solid waste production. For decades, the United States military has used open-air burn-pits (OBPs) to dispose of solid waste due to ease of use and low cost. However, OBPs have many negative consequences, including negative human health impacts, air quality impacts, and large quantities of residual waste. Waste-to-energy technologies, such as pyrolysis and gasification, are alternatives to OBPs. This study presents a value-based, multi-step structured decision making (SDM) analysis of three pyrolysis technologies and three gasification technologies for solid waste-to-energy treatment on decentralized forward operating bases (FOBs) of three different sizes (120-personnel, 1,200-personnel, 12,000-personnel). The OBP was also considered for comparison. Forward deployed military soldiers were considered the stakeholders. A total of 18 value measures, constructed value measure plots, swing weights, and global weights were used to determine overall weighted values for comparative analysis of each technology considering four functional perspectives (human health and environment, waste reduction, logistical, and power generation). Results of this study suggest that both the functional perspective of the stakeholders and size of the community play an important role in determining the appropriate technology. Specifically, the SDM analysis found one gasification technology (labeled G1) and one pyrolysis technology (P1) had consistently higher overall values, suggesting these technologies were more appropriate from the perspective of the considered functional measures. A notable exception was the identification of the OBP as the most valuable and appropriate technology at the smallest military FOB size (i.e., a 120-person company-sized FOB) when logistical considerations were weighted most heavily. The value-based SDM approach presented in this study can be leveraged by others seeking to employ similar analyses for waste-to-energy technologies used in remote, on-site, self-sustainable scenarios.
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AT., JC., and AP wrote the main manuscript text and developed final tables and figures. EN. and CJ. gathered data, developed methods, and analyzed results. PS. developed problem statement, coordinated data gathering, helped write discussion and conclusions. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Tovkach, A.E., Boyle, J.C., Nagelli, E.A. et al. Structured decision making for assessment of solid waste-to-energy systems for decentralized onsite applications. Environ Syst Decis 43, 54–71 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-022-09885-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-022-09885-9