Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phytoremediation of dairy effluent by constructed wetland technology

The Environmentalist volume 31, pages 263–278 (2011)Cite this article

Abstract

Constructed wetlands are artificial wastewater treatment systems consisting of shallow ponds or channels which have been planted with aquatic plants and which rely upon natural microbial, biological, physical and chemical process to treat wastewater and are gaining acceptance in the recent years as a viable option for the treatment of industrial effluents and removal of toxic components. In this study, an attempt was made to compare the efficiency of aquatic macrophytes like Typha sp., Eichhornia sp., Salvinia sp., Pistia sp., Azolla sp. and Lemna sp. to treat the effluents from dairy factory, under laboratory conditions in constructed wetlands. The biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of dairy effluent were reduced up to 65.4–83.07% and 70.4–85.3%, respectively, after treatment with constructed wetland technology.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  • Abioye OF (2005) Phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soil and groundwater. PhD Thesis, University of Florida, pp. 122–138

  • Adeola S, Revitt M, Shutes B, Garelick H, Jones H, Jones C (2009) Constructed wetland control of BOD5 levels in airport runoff. Int J Phytoremediation 11(1):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alicia PDN, Neiff JJ, Orfeo O, Cardigan R (1994) Quatitative importance of particulate matter retention by the roots of Eichhornia crassipes in the Parana flood plane. Aquat Bot 47:213–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amelia KK (2001) The potential for constructed wetlands for waste water treatment and reuse in developing countries: a review. Ecol Eng 16(4):545–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • APHA (1995) Standard method for examination of water and waste water, 15th edn. APHA, AWWA, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Azaizeh H, Salhani N, Sebesvari Z, Emons H (2003) The potential of rhizosphere microbes isolated from a constructed wetland to biomethylate selenium. J Environ Qual 32:55–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell J, Buckley CA (2003) Treatment of textile dye using anaerobic baffled reactor. Water 29(2):432–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon A, Simon M, Burkitt T (2003) Assessing the environmental impact of two options for small scale wastewater treatment: comparing a reed bed and an aerated biological filter using a life cycle approach. Ecol Eng 20:297–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galun M (1987) Removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions by Pencillium biomass: kinetic and uptake parameters. Water Air Soil Pollut 33:359–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaly AE, Kamal M, Mahmoud NS (2004) Phytoremediation of aquaculture wastewater for water recycling and production of fish feed. Environ Technol 14(10):1011–1016

    Google Scholar 

  • Groudev SN, Nicolova MV, Spasova II, Komnitsas K, Paspaliaris I (2001) Treatment of acid mine drainage from a uranium deposit by means of a natural wetland. Paper presented at the ISEB Phytoremediation Conference, Leipzig, Germany, pp 146–148

  • Gudekar VR, Trivedi RK (1989) Effect of surface area covered by water. Ind J Environ Prot 19(10):103–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta GC (1980) Use of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment. J Environ Health 43(2):80–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haris M (2007) Study on the performance of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) unit in Sanimas Program in Mojokerto. Final project, Department of Environmental Engineering, ITS, Surabaya: pp 134–147

  • Hartman MC, Eldowney W (1993) Pollution: ecology and biotechnology. Wiley, New York, pp 174–189

    Google Scholar 

  • IWA (2000) Constructed wetlands for pollution control. Processes, performance, design and operation. Specialist group on use of macrophytes in water pollution control. Scientific and Technical Report (8). IWA Publishing, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, Sun W, Tang CS, Robert FM (2004) Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal soils. II. Microbial response to plant roots and contaminant. Environ Sci Pollut Res 11:340–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khosravi M, Ganji MT, Rakhshaee R (2005) Toxic effect of Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn on Azolla filiculoides in the International Anzali Wetland. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2(1):35–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk J, Klironomos J, Lee H, Trevors JT (2005) The effects of perennial ryegrass and alfalfa on microbial abundance and diversity in petroleum contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 133:455–465

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirzhner F, Zimmels Y, Gafni A (2008) Effect of evapotranspiration on the salinity of wastewater treated by aquatic plants. Rev Environ Health 23(2):149–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasat MM (2002) Phytoextraction of toxic metals: a review of biological mechanisms. J Environ Qual 31:109–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maheswari S, Murugesan AG (2009) Biosorption of As (III) from aqueous solution using Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from arsenic contaminated site. Desalination Water Treat 11:294–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmood Q, Zheng P, Islam E, Hayat Y, Hassan MJ, Jilani G, Jin RC (2005) Lab scale studies on water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Marts Solms) for bio treatment of textile wastewater. Caspian J Environ Sci 3(2):83–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Neralla S, Weaver RW, Varvel TW, Lesikar BJ (2007) Phytoremediation and on-site treatment of septic effluents in sub-surface flow constructed wetlands. Environ Technol 20(11):1139–1146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy KR, Debusk TA (1987) Utilization of aquatic plants in water pollution control. Water Sci Technol 19(10):61–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos EJ, Silva EHBC, Fiuza JM, Batista TRO (1987) A high organic load stabilization pond using water hyacinth- A Bahia experience. Water Sci Technol 19(10):25–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnoor J, Licht L, McCutcheon S, Wolfe NL, Carreira LH (1995) Phytoremediation of organic and nutrient contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 29(7):318–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder P, Navarro-Aviñó J, Azaizeh H, Goldhirsh AG, DiGregorio S, Komives T, Langergraber G, Lenz A, Maestri E, Memon AR, Ranalli A, Sebastiani L, Smrcek S, Vanek T, Vuilleumier S, Wissing F (2007) Using phytoremediation technologies to upgrade waste water treatment in Europe. Environ Sci Pollut Res 14(7):490–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma N, Sharma S (1994) Combined paper mill effluent treatment by water hyacinth. Ind J Environ Prot 14(9):678–681

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon C, Silhol M (1987) Purification of pisciculture waste through cultivation and harvesting of aquatic biomass. Water Sci Tech 19(10):113–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh OV, Laban S (2003) Phytoremediation: an overview of metallic ion decontamination from soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 61:405–412

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tegegne BM, Hans van Bruggen JJA, O’Keeffe J, Wasala SW (2008) A constructed wetland for wastewater treatment emphasis on optimization of nitrogen removal. UNESCO-IHE Institute for water education. Watermill Working Paper Series, pp 24–27

  • Trivedi S, Gudekar R (1987) Treatment of textile industry waste using water hyacinth. Water Sci Tech 19(10):103–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirojanagud W, Supachaisakorn N, Boonpoke A (2002) Removal of organic matter contaminated pulp and paper industrial wastewater by soil. 17th WCSS, Thailand, pp 14–21

  • Zhang X, Peng LIU, Yue-suo Y, Chen WR (2007) Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by model wetlands with ornamental hydrophytes. J Environ Sci 19(8):902–909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmels Y, Kirzhner F, Malkovskaja A (2006) Application of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes for treatment of urban sewage in Israel. J Environ Manag 81(4):420–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge with gratitude the help and support from Prof. and Head Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala. Thanks are also due to University Grants Commission, India for the financial support to complete the project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    S. Dipu, Anju A. Kumar & V. Salom Gnana Thanga

  2. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Pallimukku, Pettah P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 024, India

    S. Dipu

Authors
  1. S. Dipu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anju A. Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Salom Gnana Thanga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Dipu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dipu, S., Kumar, A.A. & Thanga, V.S.G. Phytoremediation of dairy effluent by constructed wetland technology. Environmentalist 31, 263–278 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-011-9331-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-011-9331-z

Keywords

search

Navigation