Skip to main content
Log in

A Graphical Method for the Estimation of Radiation Hazards from a Crowded Multiple Antenna Site

  • Published:
Environmentalist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The major objective of the design of safe crowded transmitting antenna sites is not only to determine a safe zone around each individual antenna; rather, to establish safety areas at the antenna site itself, as well as, at the neighboring areas. The requirement is to ascertain the safety regions by considering the following parameters at each Test Point (TP) (or area segment): the contribution of N co-located radiating antennas to the total radiation incident at the TP, the radiation pattern of each antenna, the near/far field region of each antenna, and most importantly, the different Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) associated with each operating frequency at the antenna site. Implementation of all the above-mentioned aspects in a suitable computer requires resources that only expert knowledgeable organizations possess. The graphically aided tool presented in this paper facilitates the calculation of a “safety zone” for RADHAZ around a crowded antenna site from the knowledge of the “safety ranges” which correspond to the individual transmitting antennas comprising it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields in the Frequency Range from 1 Hz to 300 GHz, ICNIRP, 1998

  • The Identification and Control of Microwave/Radiofrequency Hazards, Moshe Z. Netzer, R&B Enterprises, W. Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1990.

  • IEEE C95.1-1999, IEEE Standard for safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Moshe Z. Netzer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Netzer, M.Z., Shechter, A. & Karni, Z. A Graphical Method for the Estimation of Radiation Hazards from a Crowded Multiple Antenna Site. Environmentalist 25, 195–199 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-005-4283-9

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-005-4283-9

Keywords

Navigation