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Integrating fishers’ knowledge on fish use with ecological networks to assess the ‘silent threat’ of mercury contamination in tropical marine and freshwater fisheries

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Abstract

Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are important sources of livelihood but are vulnerable to anthropogenic environmental changes, including heavy metal pollution, such as mercury (Hg). Fish-Hg contamination has well-known health effects, but restricting fish consumption is potentially challenging in places where fish is the main source of income and protein. In this study, metrics from socio-ecological interaction networks extracted from interviews with fishers were applied to identify the main species harvested (consumed or sold) and commercialized by SSF communities. To evaluate the potential impacts of restricting the harvest of contaminated fish, interaction networks containing all the fish caught by the communities were compared with networks excluding species with potentially high mercury levels, according to the literature. The interaction networks were based on information provided by 395 fishers from 26 communities in the Tapajós River, Amazon Basin, and 454 fishers from 38 communities in the coastal bay of Ilha Grande and Paraty. The SSF communities used (interacted with) a total of 38 and 70 fish species in the freshwater and coastal environments, respectively, showing some specialization and dependence on these resources. The networks indicated that, if fishers were not to harvest some of the preferred fish due to mercury contamination, fishing pressure on other target species may increase, whereas food provision and income opportunities would be reduced, especially in the freshwater environment. This often-overlooked socioeconomic effect of mercury contamination can negatively affect both the fishers’ livelihoods and the sustainability of these fisheries.

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Data availability

The data analyzed in this article can be available upon request to authors and in some of the previous publications from our research group.

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Acknowledgements

We dedicate this research to the memorian of Alpina Begossi (co-author). We thank fishers who participated and contributed to this study. We thank the staff of the Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e de Peixes of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) for helping with data gathering. We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a research grant to P.E.R.P. (151005/2021-4), and productivity grants to A.B (301592 / 2017-9), P.F.M.L. (302365/2022-2) and R.A.M.S (303393 / 2019-0). This study was funded by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/ USAID (AID-OAA-A-11-00012), Social Science and Humanities Research Centre (SSHRC) of Canada (Tracking Change: RES0027949), International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada (104519–004) and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil) (2009/11154-3). AO-A was supported by a contract financed through the call for postdoctoral fellowships of the Government of the Balearic Islands, program “Vicenç Mut” 2020 and “Juan de la Cierva Incorporación 2020” (IJC2020-044266-I) fellowship funded by MCIN / AEI / https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union ”NextGeneration EU/PRTR”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Paula Evelyn Rubira Pereyra, Márcia Caroline Friedl Dutra, Bárbara Heck Schallenberger & Renato Azevedo Matias Silvano

  2. Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), C/Miquel Marques 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain

    Andrés Ospina‑Alvarez

  3. Instituto de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, São Sebastião do Paraíso, Brazil

    Gustavo Hallwass

  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil

    Gustavo Hallwass

  5. Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO), Rua Sousa Lima 16/1101, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22081-010, Brazil

    Gustavo Hallwass, Alpina Begossi, Mariana Clauzet, Priscila F. M. Lopes & Renato Azevedo Matias Silvano

  6. Center of Food Studies and Research (NEPA), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil

    Alpina Begossi

  7. Collaboration at the Graduate Program, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Alpina Begossi

  8. Public Policies, Strategies and Development Program (PPED), Institute of Economics, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Mariana Clauzet

  9. Fishing Ecology, Management and Economics Group, Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Priscila F. M. Lopes

Authors
  1. Paula Evelyn Rubira Pereyra
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  2. Andrés Ospina‑Alvarez
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  8. Priscila F. M. Lopes
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  9. Renato Azevedo Matias Silvano
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Contributions

Conceptualization: R. A. M. Silvano; Methodology (data gathering): G. Hallwass, A. Begossi, M. Clauzet, P. F. M. Lopes; Formal analysis and investigation: A. Ospina‑Alvarez, P. E. R. Pereyra, M. C. F. Dutra, B. H. K Schallenberger; Writing—original draft preparation: P. E. R. Pereyra, R. A. M. Silvano; Writing—review and editing: all authors, Funding acquisition: R. A. M. Silvano, A. Begossi.

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Correspondence to Paula Evelyn Rubira Pereyra.

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Alpina Begossi: In memorian.

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Pereyra, P.E.R., Ospina‑Alvarez, A., Dutra, M.C.F. et al. Integrating fishers’ knowledge on fish use with ecological networks to assess the ‘silent threat’ of mercury contamination in tropical marine and freshwater fisheries. Environ Dev Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04990-y

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