Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Using the socio-ecological system approach to guide the management of sea cucumber fisheries at Barang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

  • Published:
Environment, Development and Sustainability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Several sea cucumber species in Indonesia have been indicated as over-exploited. Fishers are catching sea cucumbers in deeper water and far away to obtain a sellable size. The social-ecological system (SES) approach is a multidisciplinary method that can help manage resources, including sea cucumbers. This study was conducted at Barrang Lompo Island and used the SES approach to investigate the connectivity between system ecology (sea cucumber resources) and social systems (fishers, collectors, marketing networks). Data were collected from October to November 2021 using questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Respondents included 77 people, consisting of 52 fishers, 12 collectors at Barrang Lompo Island, and 13 exporters in Makasar City. The results indicate two types of fishers: daily and monthly. Daily fishers spend 6–9 h/day fishing sea cucumber, mainly at Langkai and Lanjukang Island (23%). Meanwhile, monthly fishers fish sea cucumbers between 30 and 40 days, mainly at Majene waters (37%) and Keramian Island (26%) The sea cucumber production on Barrang Lompo Island was 1,728 individuals/person/year (daily fishers) and 3.1–4.5 tons/fleet/ year (monthly fishers). Trading flow shows that fishers sold sea cucumbers to collectors on Barrang Lompo Island, and then collectors sold to exporters in Makasar City. Then exporters exported to domestic and international markets. The SES connectivity of the sea cucumber fishery was proven by the relationship between the resource (sea cucumber), resource user (fishers), and resource providers (collectors, exporters). Connectivity between resource and resource users gives a clue to the fishing hotspot. Meanwhile, connectivity between resource users and resource providers illustrated the massive exploitation of sea cucumbers. This connectedness between them can guide the conservation and sustainable use of sea cucumbers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Akamine, J. (2010). Problem on Sea Cucumber Conservation. In J. Farrer (Ed.), Globalization, Food and Social identities in the Asia Pacific Region. Sophia University Institute of Comparative Culture. http://icc.fla.sophia.ac.jp/global%20food%20papers/html/akamine.html.

  • Al-Yaquot, A., Nithyanandan, M., Al-Yamani, F., Al-Kandari, M., Al-Roumi, M., & Al-Baz, A. (2021). Sea cucumbers of the Arabian Peninsula and Iran – A review of historical and current research trends. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, 6116–6126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.075.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amfar, F., & Adwani, M. (2015). Pelaksanaan Tugas Dan Fungsi Panglima Laot Di Kota Sabang. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Pascasarjana Universitas Syiah Kuala, 3(4), 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderies, J. M., Jansens, M. A., & Ostrom, E. (2004). A framework to analyze the robustness of social-ecological systems from an institutional perspective. Ecology and Society, 9(1), 18. [online] URL:http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss1/art18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2021a). Kecamatan Kepulauan Sangkarrang Dalam Angka 2021. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Makasar. 49 pp.

  • Anonymous (2021b). Monografi Desa Barrang Lompo.

  • Arkham, M. N., Adrianto, L., & Wardiatno, Y. (2015). Konektivitas Sistem Sosial-Ekologi Lamun Dan Perikanan Skala Kecil Di Desa Malang Rapat Dan Desa Berakit, Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 7(2), 433–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayunda, N., Hidayat, A., & Anna, Z. (2014). Efektivitas Kelembagaan Awig-Awig Dalam Mengelola Sumber Daya Perikanan Pantai Di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Sumberdaya Dan Lingkungan (JARRE), 1, 12–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, R., de Vos, A., Preiser, R., Clements, H., Maciejewski, C., & Schluter, M. (2022). The Routledge Hand Book of Research methods for Social-Ecological systems (p. 494). Routledge.

  • Choo, P. S. (2008). Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. In V. Toral-Granda., A. Lovatelli & M. Vasconcellos (Eds.). Sea cucumbers: A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 516, 81–118.

  • Cinner, J. E., Huchery, C., Darling, E. S., Humphries, A. T., & Graham, N. A. J. (2013). Evaluating social and ecological vulnerability of coral reef fisheries to climate change. Plos One, 8(9), e74321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conand, C. (2018). Tropical sea cucumber fisheries: Changes during the last decade. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 590–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.014.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conand, C., & Tuwo, A. (1996). Commercial holothurians in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Fisheries and mariculture. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 8, 17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dereli, H., & Aydin, M. (2021). Sea cucumber fishery in Turkey: Management regulations and their efficiency. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 41, 101551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, D. T. C., & Stefansson, G. (2012). Habitat preference of sea cucumbers: Holothuria atra and Holothuria edulis in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92(3), 581–590. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411000051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2013). Social-Ecological Vulnerability of Coral Reef Fisheries to Climatic Shocks. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1082. Food And Agriculture Organization of The United Nations Rome, 78 pp.

  • Ferguson, C. E., Bennett, N. J., Kotska, W., Richmond, R. H., & Singeo, A. (2022). The tragedy of the commodity is not inevitable: Indigenous resistance prevents high-value fisheries collapse in the Pacific islands. Global Environment Change, 73, 102477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Wangüemert, M., Domínguez-Godino, J. A., & Canovas, F. (2018). The fast development of sea cucumber fisheries in the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic waters: From a new marine resource to its over-exploitation. Ocean and Coastal Management, 151, 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.10.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, C., Foale, S., Kinch, J., Frijlink, S., Lindsay, D., & Southgate, P. C. (2019). Socioeconomic impacts of a sea cucumber fishery in Papua New Guinea: Is there an opportunity for mariculture? Ocean and Coastal Management, 179, 104826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, A., & Glasser, M. (2011). A management perspective on social ecological systems: A generic system model and its application to a case study from Peru. Human Ecology Review, 18(1), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harijo, S. (2021). Laporan Monitoring Teripang Pulau Barrang Lompo, Kota Makassar Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Balai Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir Dan Laut (BPSPL) Makassar, Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Ruang Laut Kementerian Kelautan Dan Perikanan. 23 pp.

  • Hartati, S. T., Wahyuni, I. S., Suprapto, & Reswati, E. (2002). Sea cucumber fishery in the waters of the Thousand Islands. J Lit Grant Ind Ed Resources and Arrests, 8(4), 5–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Betancourt, A., Puga, R., & Vejerano, R. B. (2018). Conservation strategy for the sea cucumber (Isostichopus badionotus) fishery in Cuba. Bulletin of Marine Science, 94(2), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • https://statistik.kkp.go.id/. ((2022).). Accessed on 20 December 2022.

  • Lewerissa, Y. A., Uneputty, P. A., & Waliulu, A. M. S. (2021). Spatial distribution of sea cucumber and their management effort in seagrass ecosystems in Buntal Island, Western Seram Regency. IOP Conf Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 805, 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/805/1/012007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manez, S. K., & Ferse, S. C. A. (2010). The history of makassan trepang fishing and trade. Plos One, 5(6), e11346. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massin, C. (1999). Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 329, 3–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia (MEF-RI) (2022). Kuota Pengambilan Tumbuhan Alam dan Penangkapan Satwa Liar Periode Tahun 2022. Direktorat Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati Spesies dan Genetik, Direktorat Jenderal Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 65 pp.

  • Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia (MMAF-RI) (2015). Rencana Aksi Nasional (RAN) Konservasi Teripang Periode I 2016–2020. Direktorat Konservasi dan Keanekagaraman Hayati Laut, Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Ruang Laut, Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 60 pp.

  • Nordlund, L., Erlandsson, J., & de la Torre-Castro, M. (2010). Changes in an east African social-ecological seagrass system: Invertebrate harvesting affecting species composition and local livelihood. Aquatic Living Resources, 23, 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2011006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science, 325, 419–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palomo, L. E., & Hernández-Flores, A. (2019). Application of the Ostrom framework in the analysis of a social-ecological system with multiple resources in a marine protected area. Peer J, 7, e7374. https://doi.10.7717/peerj.7374.

  • Pangkey, H., Lantu, S., Manuand, L., & Mokolensanget, J. F. (2012). Prospect of sea cucumber culture in Indonesia as potential food sources. Journal of Coastal Development, 15(2), 114–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsram, K. (2008). Social-ecological System Interactions in Small-scale Fisheries: Case Studies of the Large Pelagic and Shallow Reef Fisheries of Grenada and St. Lucia Under Construction. Proceedings of the 61st Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute November 10–14, 2008, 10 pp.

  • Partelow, S., & Boda, C. (2015). A modified diagnostic social-ecological system framework for lobster fisheries: Case implementation and sustainability assessment in Southern California. Coastal and Management, 114, 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pena-Puch, Perez-Jimenez, J. C., & Espinoza-Tenorio, A. (2020). Advances in the study of Mexican fisheries with the social-ecological system (SES) perspective and its inclusion in fishery management policy. Ocean and Coastal Management, 185, 105065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Persada, N. P. R., Mangunjaya, F. M., & Tobing, I. S. L. (2018). Sasi Sebagai Budaya Konservasi Di Kepulauan Maluku. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Budava, 41(59), 6869–6900.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purcell, S. W. (2010). Managing sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach. In A. Lovatelli, M. Vasconcellos & Y. Yimin (Eds.), FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 520. Rome, FAO. 157 pp.

  • Rasyid, A., Putra, M. Y., & Yasman (2023). Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of sea cucumber extracts collected from Lampung waters, Indonesia. Kuwait Journal of Science, 50(2023), 615–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2023.03.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo-Gomez, D. C., Zetina-Rejon, M. J., & Zepeda-Domínguez, J. A. (2022). Trends in marine fisheries social-ecological systems studies. Ocean and Coastal Management, 220(2022), 106076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106076.

  • Roberts, N., Mengge, B., Utina, M. R., Muhatar, F., Anugerah, Icwardanhi, A., Zulkifli, R. M., & Humphries, A. (2022). Patron-client relationships shape value chains in an Indonesian island-based fisheries system. Marine Policy, 143, 105142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Setyastuti, A., Wirawati, I., Permadi, S., & Vimono, I. B. (2019). Indonesian sea cucumbers: Types, distribution and status of economic value (p. 76). PT. National Science Media.

  • Silva-Ramirez (2024). Chilean sea cucumber: New potential source of biomolecules with high nutritional value and cytotoxic activity. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,126(2024), 105906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105906.

  • Sjafrie, N. D. M., & Setyastuti, A. (2020). Pemanfaatan Teripang Di Kabupaten Kaimana Provinsi Papua Barat. Oseanologi Dan Limnologi Di Indonesia, 5(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2020.v5i2.309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sjafrie, N. D. M., Rahmadi, P., Kurniawan, F., Triyono, & Supriyadi, I. H. (2021). Socio-ecological system perspective of seagrass ecosystem in Wakatobi. IOP Conf Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 744, 012078. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/744/1/012078.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solihin, A., & Satria, A. (2007). Hak Ulayat Laut Di Era Otonomi Daerah Sebagai Solusi Pengelolaan Perikanan Berkelanjutan: Kasus Awig-Awig Di Lombok Barat. Sodality: Jurnal Transdisiplin Sosiologi Komunikasi Dan Ekologi Manusia, 1(1), 67–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triyono, Oktaviyani, S., & Sjafrie, N. D. M. (2020). Sumber Daya Hiu Dari Perspektif Sistem Ekologi Sosial (Studi Kasus Di Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat). Jurnal Enggano, 5(3), 451–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahyuni, N. (2018). Sistem Punggawa-Sawi Dalam Komunitas Nelayan (Studi Kasus Di Desa Tarupa Kecamatan Taka Bonerate Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar). Jurnal Commersium: Kajian Masyarakat Kontemporer, 1(2), 27–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiadnyana, N. N., Puspasari, R., & Mahulette, R. T. (2009). Status of sea cucumber resources and fisheries in Indonesia: Utilization and trade. J Policy Grant Ind, 1(1), 45–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirawati, I., Setyastuti, A., & Purwati, P. (2019). Timun laut Dari Perairan Dangkal Indonesia (p. 94). PT. National Science Media.

  • Wolfe, K., & Byrne, M. (2022). Overview of the great barrier reef sea cucumber fishery with focus on vulnerable and endangered species. Biological Conservation, 266, 109451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf, S., Tuwo, A., Tresnati, J., Moore, A. M., & Conand, C. (2017). Teripang fishing activities at Barrang Lompo Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia: An update 20 years after a visit in 1996. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 37, 99–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Chen, S., Cheng, C., Liu, Y., & Jennerjahn, T. J. (2023). Citizen science to support coastal research and management: Insights from a seagrass monitoring case study in Hainan, China. Ocean and Coastal Management 231 (2023) 106403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106403.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Arifin Jati Sukma and Andi Agung Irhandi (Regional Office for Marine and Coastal Resources Management of Makasar), as well as Syahrul Harijo and Nur Aflah (enumerators), for helping us collect the data in the field.

Funding

This study was funded by COREMAP-CTI through the Capacity Building Research 2021–2022 period scheme.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency of Republic Indonesia, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Nurul Dhewani Mirah Sjafrie, Ismiliana Wirawati & Ernawati Widyastuti

  2. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Raja Ali Haji University, Senggarang Campus, Tanjungpinang, Riau Province, Indonesia

    Andi Zulfikar

Authors
  1. Nurul Dhewani Mirah Sjafrie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ismiliana Wirawati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andi Zulfikar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ernawati Widyastuti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nurul Dhewani Mirah Sjafrie or Ismiliana Wirawati.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sjafrie, N.D.M., Wirawati, I., Zulfikar, A. et al. Using the socio-ecological system approach to guide the management of sea cucumber fisheries at Barang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Environ Dev Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04821-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04821-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation