Abstract
Palm oil plantations have rapidly developed over the past five decades in nations with tropical climates due to high demand for the product. Malaysia’s position as the world’s second largest producer and exporter of palm oil after Indonesia attests to the economic importance of palm oil to the country. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the Malaysian palm oil industry, highlighting its potential applications in various fields of study. The concluding section identifies inadequacies in the industry that could be addressed through the adoption and integration of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies such as big data analysis and Artificial Intelligence, which would promote a more sustainable palm oil industry.
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Abbreviations
- COP27:
-
27th conference of parties
- AMOS:
-
Analysis of moment structures
- AI:
-
Artificial intelligence
- BOD:
-
Biological oxygen demand
- CNCs:
-
Cellulose nanocrystals
- CSPO:
-
Certified sustainable palm oil
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- CE:
-
Circular economy
- CHP:
-
Combined heat and power
- CPO:
-
Crude palm oil
- EFB:
-
Empty fruit bunch
- EU:
-
European union’s
- FELDA:
-
Federal land development authority
- FFE:
-
Fossil fuel equivalent
- FFB:
-
Fresh fruit bunches
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gas
- HPIs:
-
Headline performance indicators
- ISPO:
-
Indonesia sustainable palm oil
- IR 4.0:
-
Industrial revolution 4.0
- IPM:
-
Integrated pest management
- IoT:
-
Internet of Things
- KTOE:
-
Kilotons of oil equivalent
- LCA:
-
Life cycle assessment
- MSPO:
-
Malaysia sustainable palm oil
- MF:
-
Mesocarp fiber
- MTOE:
-
Million ton of oil equivalents
- MOE:
-
Modulus of elasticity
- NSMD:
-
Non-state market driven
- OPS:
-
Oil palm shell
- PK:
-
Palm kernel
- PKS:
-
Palm kernel shell
- POC:
-
Palm oil clinker
- POCA:
-
Palm oil clinker aggregate
- POCP:
-
Palm oil clinker powder
- POME:
-
Palm oil mill effluent
- PACE:
-
Per capita annual consumption expenditure
- PMs:
-
Performance measures
- ROA:
-
Return on asset ratio
- RSPO:
-
Round table on Sustainable Palm Oil
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The authors wish to extend their appreciation to the distinguished final year students from the department of civil engineering, UNITEN, who had contributed to this paper by retrieving and gathering published articles and summarizing them. Their diligent efforts and unwavering commitment were essential in facilitating the compilation of the required review and presenting it with a remarkable level of clarity and concision.
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VL was involved in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review, and editing. NYbMY contributed to conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. ANA was involved in writing—review and editing. YFH contributed to writing—review and editing. KBBW was involved in visualization and writing—review and editing. AES contributed to supervision and writing—review and editing.
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Lai, V., Yusoff, N.Y.M., Ahmed, A.N. et al. The benefits and perspectives of the palm oil industry in Malaysia. Environ Dev Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04593-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04593-7