Abstract
With rapid economic development and tremendous population growth, emerging economies are facing huge pressure to conserve energy and reduce emissions. Although governmental authorities have formulated numerous relevant policies, a considerable number of farmers have yet to actively take energy-saving measures. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate how institutions (i.e., environmental regulations and informal institutions) affect the clean energy utilization behaviors (CEUBs) of farmers (e.g., biomass energy, natural gas, and solar energy) for better aligning governance strategies. Drawing on institutional theory, we explore the underlying influencing mechanisms of the institutional constraints on farmers’ CEUBs using survey data collected from Central China. The double hurdle model results reveal that both environmental regulations (e.g., incentivizing regulations, binding regulations) and informal institutions (e.g., value orientation) have positive impacts on farmers’ adoption of CEUBs. Informal institutions were found to have stronger influences on farmers’ CEUBs than formal regulations. Interestingly, the interactions between two institutional constraints primarily have substitutionary effects on the natural gas and solar energy using behaviors of farmers. The interaction effects of the two institutional constraints on biomass energy using behavior are complementary. Consequently, this study sheds new light on guiding farmer CEUBs and better aligning formal and informal energy strategies.
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Notes
The rural population of Wuhan City in 2017 was 2,482,200; the rural population of Huangshi City in 2018 was 1,639,300; the rural population of Jingmen City in 2018 was 1,909,500; the rural population of Tianmen City in 2018 was 1,250,979. Data were obtained from http://tjj.hubei.gov.cn/tjsj/sjkscx/tjnj/gsztj/tms/
Village working team is a temporary organization that consists of several transferred staff from government agencies to contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable development.
Green bank becomes an increasingly prominent non-profit organization that provides guidance, capital, and incentives for sustainable practices in rural areas. It uses a points-based system to facilitate the transformation of environmental value and promote pro-environmental behaviors in daily life.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (Project Number: 17YJC790044), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Numbers: 71901101 and 41871179), the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Project Number: 2020M671134), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Program Number: 2662021JC002).
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Xie, J., Yang, G., Wang, G. et al. Substitutes or complements? Exploring the impact of environmental regulations and informal institutions on the clean energy utilization behaviors of farmers. Environ Dev Sustain 25, 3893–3922 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02222-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02222-9