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Sustainability assessment of coastal ecosystems: DPSIR analysis for beaches at the Northeast Coast of Vietnam

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Abstract

The Northeastern coastal zone of Vietnam possesses high biodiversity and rich ecosystems like coral reefs, seagrasses, beaches and mangroves. It also includes the Ha Long Bay Natural Heritage site (UNESCO 1994) and the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve (MAB/UNESCO 2004) as well as hosts the Economic Development Triangle (Hai Phong−Ha Noi–Quang Ninh) established by the Government of Vietnam. As one of the coastal ecosystems, sandy beach ecosystems attracted more attention during recent decades because of their essential role for human welfare and in environmental protection. A few studies concentrated on sustainable management of sandy beach based on environmental and ecological protection and enhance the beach quality for recreational use. The DPSIR (Driving force Pressure State Impact Response) framework describes the logical interaction among systems and finds out the cause and consequence of social-economic development activities to the environment and resources. In this study, the DPSIR was applied on the sandy beaches in the Northeastern coast of Vietnam to reveal the main environmental problems on sandy beaches including the decline of the natural landscape around the beaches and the degradation of the environment. It also pointed out that tourism development in association with urbanization and sea reclamation is the main driving forces for environmental degradation of the sandy beaches. Therefore, local authorities of Hai Phong and Quang Ninh should take into account several main responses to policies on inter-province coordination and managerial measures with a wider scope, which integrate socio-economic and physical factors, proximity, accessibility, and neighborhood to manage healthy coastal ecosystems and sandy beaches in particular. An integrated coastal management program for the Northeastern coast of Vietnam needs to be developed and carried out to follow the laws of Vietnam as well as to meet local urgent requirements.

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(Source of data: Viet Nam General statistic Office,2000–2020)

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Acknowledgements

The study was made available under the framework of the project “Study on scientific basics to develop indices for sustainable use assessment of tourist beaches in North Coastal Vietnam”, coded KHCBBI-01/18-20 funded by Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, VAST, Hai Phong, Vietnam

    Do Thi Thu Huong & Nguyen Thi Thu Ha

  2. Hai Phong Department of Science and Technology, Hai Phong, Vietnam

    Gia Do Khanh

  3. Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Gia Do Khanh

  4. Ministry of Public Security of S.R Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Nguyen Van Thanh

  5. Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologish Onoderzoek (VITO), MOl, Belgium

    Luc Hens

  6. Development of Economy and Management, Summy State University, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine

    Luc Hens

  7. Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia

    Luc Hens

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  1. Do Thi Thu Huong
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Correspondence to Do Thi Thu Huong.

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Huong, D.T.T., Ha, N.T.T., Do Khanh, G. et al. Sustainability assessment of coastal ecosystems: DPSIR analysis for beaches at the Northeast Coast of Vietnam. Environ Dev Sustain 24, 5032–5051 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01648-x

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