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Human exposure to toxic trace elements present in local crops of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba

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Abstract

Food consumption and tobacco smoke are the main sources of toxic trace elements (TTE) for humans. To the present, no study has been carried out that assessed human exposure to TTE (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Co) through the consumption of the tomatoes, rice, and tobacco crops grown in the Sancti Spiritus territory of Cuba. Accordingly, the main goal of this study was to assess which metals and crops should receive priority attention for metal pollution management in the local environment. Combining residue element analysis in crops with consumption data collected from a survey, a deterministic exposure assessment was performed. The study identified that priority attention should be focused on Ni and Cd. First, the average concentration of Ni in tomato and rice was found above their reference limits. As a consequence, the concentration of Ni represented a risk to the maximum scenario of children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Together with Ni, Cd, and Cu also contribute slightly to the cumulative risk. Then, Cd and Ni were quantified in tobacco smoke at a concentration that represented an equal risk to both active and passive smokers. Concentrations high enough to hazard from these toxic elements. The study helped to identify children as the highest stratum at risk of developing adverse health effects due to exposure to Ni and Cd. The results obtained from the basis for future research aimed at reducing the polluting pressure of TTE on human health and the environment.

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Funding

The authors declare that they have not received any special funding to the performance of the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de Sancti Spíritus, Avenida de Los Mártires, 360 Esq. Carretera Central, CP 62100, Sancti Spíritus, Provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba

    Edelbis López Dávila, Yenima Martínez Castro & Osvaldo Romero Romero

  2. School of Technology, SRH - Hochschule Berlin Ernts Reuter Platz 10, Berlin, Germany

    Osvaldo Romero Romero

  3. Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Gijs Du Laing

  4. Department of Plan and Crop, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Edelbis López Dávila & Pieter Spanoghe

Authors
  1. Edelbis López Dávila
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  2. Yenima Martínez Castro
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  3. Osvaldo Romero Romero
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  4. Gijs Du Laing
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  5. Pieter Spanoghe
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by ELD, YMC, and GDL. Formal analysis and investigation: ELD, ORR, GDL, and PS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ELD and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Edelbis López Dávila.

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López Dávila, E., Martínez Castro, Y., Romero Romero, O. et al. Human exposure to toxic trace elements present in local crops of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 10547–10575 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01072-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01072-7

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