Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Community-based bin design approach: an initial stage toward urban composting at a hill station, Philippines

  • Published:
Environment, Development and Sustainability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The world today is literally and figuratively burdened with heavy loads of garbage, which pose a hazard to human health and the environment. A concerted effort by all sectors of society is required to find an immediate, effective, feasible, and practical solution for the management of waste and garbage. Composting is one of the most practical methods. This study aims to explore the role of community involvement in the design phase of a functional compost bin. Kafagway, the former name of Baguio City, is the only American hill station in Asia, designed by the world-renowned architect Daniel Burnham and intended for 25,000 people. Now the city, also known as the City of Pines, is home to 342,200 households and is overcrowded due to rampant and disorganized urbanization, aggravated by an influx of tourists, resulting in a problematic pileup of garbage. Biodegradables comprise the largest amount of municipal waste which is potentially convertible into valuable useful by-products. By actively involving household participation, the respondents manifested their choices beyond the physical dimensions of their preferred compost bin, which revealed an interesting interplay of various sociodemographic issues in their choice, affecting their attitude, behavior, and eventual compliance toward effective waste disposal and management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  • Abarca, L., Maas, G., & Hogland, W. (2013). Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Waste Management, 33(1), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Åberg, H., Dahlman, S., Shanahan, H., & Säljö, R. (1996). Towards sound environmental behaviour: Exploring household participation in waste management. Journal of Consumer Policy, 19(1), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00411470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ADB. (2017). Intergrated solid waste management for local governments a practical guide. Asian Development Bank. https://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TIM178662-2

  • Addai, K. N., & Danso-Abbeam, G. (2014). Determinants of willingness to pay for improved solid waste management in Dunkwa-on-Offin, Ghana. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15640/jaes.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adhikari, B. K., Trémier, A., Martinez, J., & Barrington, S. (2012). Home composting of organic waste—part 1: Effect of home composter design. International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 15(3–6), 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2012.049238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Afroz, R., Hanaki, K., & Hasegawa-Kurisu, K. (2009). Willingness to pay for waste management improvement in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(1), 492–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.12.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babaei, A. A., Alavi, N., Goudarzi, G., Teymouri, P., Ahmadi, K., & Rafiee, M. (2015). Household recycling knowledge, attitudes and practices towards solid waste management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 102, 94–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baguio City Planning and Development Office. (2014). Comprehensive land use plan of Baguio City for 2014–2023. Baguio City.

  • Ball, R. (1990). Glass recycling by source separation from municipal wastes. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 4(1–2), 63–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandara, N. J. G. J., Hettiaratchi, J. P. A., Wirasinghe, S. C., & Pilapiiya, S. (2007). Relation of waste generation and composition to socio-economic factors: A case study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 135(1–3), 31–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov, M., & Mirzabaev, A. (2018). Circular economy of composting in Sri Lanka: Opportunities and challenges for reducing waste related pollution and improving soil health. Journal of Cleaner Production, 202, 1107–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biasutti, M., & Frate, S. (2017). A validity and reliability study of the attitudes toward sustainable development scale. Environmental Education Research, 23(2), 214–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1146660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borrello, M., Caracciolo, F., Lombardi, A., Pascucci, S., & Cembalo, L. (2017). Consumers’ perspective on circular economy strategy for reducing food waste. Sustainability, 9(1), 141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo, A. L., & Otoma, S. (2013). Status of solid waste management in the Philippines. In Proceedings of the annual conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management the 24th annual conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management (p. 677). Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management.

  • Cerda, A., Artola, A., Font, X., Barrena, R., Gea, T., & Sánchez, A. (2018). Composting of food wastes: Status and challenges. Bioresource Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chappells, H., & Shove, E. (1999). Bins and the history of waste relations. Reader for Lancaster Summer School. Retrieved June 25, 2019, from http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/esf/bins.htm.

  • Chow, C., So, W.-M. W., & Cheung, T.-Y. (2016). Research and development of a new waste collection bin to facilitate education in plastic recycling. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 15(1), 45–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crossette, B. (1998). The great hill stations of Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Retrieved March 22, 2019, from http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/first/c/crossette-hill.html.

  • DENR. (2001). Prescribing guidelines on cleanliness and orderliness within DENR premises. Pub. L. No. DENR Memorandum Order No. 2001–11. Philippines.

  • DENR. (2019). The status of closed irisan dumpsite of LGU Baguio.

  • Doronila, A. (2009). Analysis: Baguio city’s renewal rests on its uniqueness. Philippine Daily Inquirer 15 June.

  • EMB-DENR. (2015). National solid waste management status report (2008–2014). Retrieved July 06, 2018, from http://119.92.161.2/portal/Portals/38/SolidWastefinaldraft12.29.15.pdf.

  • Estoque, R. C., & Murayama, Y. (2013a). City profile: Baguio. Cities, 30, 240–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estoque, R. C., & Murayama, Y. (2013b). Landscape pattern and ecosystem service value changes: Implications for environmental sustainability planning for the rapidly urbanizing summer capital of the Philippines. Landscape and Urban Planning, 116, 60–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estoque, R. C., & Murayama, Y. (2014). Measuring sustainability based upon various perspectives: A case study of a hill station in Southeast Asia. Ambio, 43(7), 943–956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ezeah, C., & Roberts, C. L. (2012). Analysis of barriers and success factors affecting the adoption of sustainable management of municipal solid waste in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Management, 103, 9–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, M., Liang, F., Yu, A., Li, B., & Yang, L. (2010). Evaluation of stability and maturity during forced-aeration composting of chicken manure and sawdust at different C/N ratios. Chemosphere, 78(5), 614–619.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, L. B. F. (2016). Urban sprawl: Extent and environment impact in Baguio City. Philippines, 504(36), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.2298/SPAT1636007G.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gotoh, S., Tanaka, E., & Yonemura, Y. (1979). Source separation for resource recovery—State-of-the-art. Conservation & Recycling, 3(3–4), 305–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grenier, E. (2017). Guide to separating trash in Germany. DW Akademie. Retrieved May 29, 2019, from https://www.dw.com/en/guide-to-separating-trash-in-germany/g-38830796.

  • Grewal, A., Kataria, H., & Dhawan, I. (2016). Literature search for research planning and identification of research problem. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 60(9), 635–639. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.190618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guidoni, L. L. C., Marques, R. V., Moncks, R. B., Botelho, F. T., da Paz, M. F., Corrêa, L. B., et al. (2018). Home composting using different ratios of bulking agent to food waste. Journal of Environmental Management, 207, 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.031.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussong-Christian, U. (2016). If you build it, will they sort it? Compost collection in the academic library learning commons. Library Management, 37(6/7), 340–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karnchanawong, S., & Suriyanon, N. (2011). Household organic waste composting using bins with different types of passive aeration. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(5), 548–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelty, A. L., Dias, C. S., Cammarata, D. J., & Cevallos, M. A. (2017). Sustainability at WPI: Food waste management.

  • Keramitsoglou, K. M., & Tsagarakis, K. P. (2018). Public participation in designing the recycling bins to encourage recycling. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(4), 16–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakhan, C. (2015). Evaluating the effects of unit based waste disposal schemes on the collection of household recyclables in Ontario, Canada. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95, 38–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lekammudiyanse, L. M., & Gunatilake, S. (2009). Efficiency of the household compost bin as a wastemanagement technique in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences IJBAS-LIENS, 10(54), 89–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, C. Y. (2015). Food waste issues are causing a stink. Star Media Group Berhad (p. 1).

  • Liptáková, J. (2017). Sorting out biodegradable waste. The slovak spectator. Retrieved May 29, 2019, from https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20437408/sorting-out-biodegradable-waste.html.

  • Lunag, M., Jr., & Boado, M. M. (2017). Performance evaluation of a novel sustainable and non-odorous compost barrel for household purposes. Baguio City: Saint Louis University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunag, M. N., Duran, J. Z., & Buyucan, E. D. (2019). Waste analysis and characterisation study of a hill station: A case study of Baguio City, Philippines. Waste Management and Research, 37(11), 1102–1116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X19866249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, J., Wilson, K., Zhao, Q., Yorgey, G., & Frear, C. (2013). Odor in commercial scale compost: Literature review and critical analysis. Washington State Department of Ecology. Retrieved December 24, 2019, from https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1307066.pdf.

  • Masebinu, S. O., Akinlabi, E. T., Muzenda, E., Mbohwa, C., Aboyade, A. O., & Mahlatsi, T. (2016). Environmental sustainability: Multi-criteria decision analysis for resource recovery from organic fraction of municipal solid waste. In IEEE International conference on industrial engineering and engineering management (Vol. 2016-December, pp. 1543–1547). IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2016.7798136

  • McDonald, S., & Oates, C. (2003). Reasons for non-participation in a kerbside recycling scheme. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 39(4), 369–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mee, N., Clewes, D., Phillips, P. S., & Read, A. D. (2004). Effective implementation of a marketing communications strategy for kerbside recycling: A case study from Rushcliffe, UK. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 42(1), 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meis, J., & Kashima, Y. (2017). Signage as a tool for behavioral change: Direct and indirect routes to understanding the meaning of a sign. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0182975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miezah, K., Obiri-Danso, K., Kádár, Z., Fei-Baffoe, B., & Mensah, M. Y. (2015). Municipal solid waste characterization and quantification as a measure towards effective waste management in Ghana. Waste Management, 46, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office of the City Planning and Development Coordinator (OCPDC). (2013). The comprehensive land use plan (CLUP) of Baguio City, 2013–2023. Baguio City. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from http://www.baguio.gov.ph.

  • Oliveira, L. S. B. L., Oliveira, D. S. B. L., Bezerra, B. S., Silva Pereira, B., & Battistelle, R. A. G. (2017). Environmental analysis of organic waste treatment focusing on composting scenarios. Journal of Cleaner Production, 155, 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.093.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onwosi, C. O., Igbokwe, V. C., Odimba, J. N., Eke, I. E., Nwankwoala, M. O., Iroh, I. N., et al. (2017). Composting technology in waste stabilization: On the methods, challenges and future prospects. Journal of Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, K. J., Choi, M. H., & Hong, J. H. (2002). Control of composting odor using biofiltration. Compost Science & Utilization, 10(4), 356–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pattnaik, S., & Reddy, M. V. (2010). Assessment of municipal solid waste management in Puducherry (Pondicherry), India. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(8), 512–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pergola, M., Persiani, A., Palese, A. M., Di Meo, V., Pastore, V., D’Adamo, C., et al. (2018). Composting: The way for a sustainable agriculture. Applied Soil Ecology, 123, 744–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.10.016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2016). Highlights of the Philippine population 2015 census of population. Philippine Statistics Authority.

  • Pires, A., Martinho, G., & Chang, N. Bin. (2011). Solid waste management in European countries: A review of systems analysis techniques. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(4), 1033–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier, M., Brain, R., & Barajas, E. (2013). Strategies to improve recycling in natural areas: Examples from Zion National Park.

  • Practical Action South Asia. (2008). Home composting bins. Practical action, The Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development, 9. Retrieved June 25, 2019, from https://solucionespracticas.org.pe/Descargar/537/4990.

  • Puyuelo, B., Colón, J., Martín, P., & Sánchez, A. (2013). Comparison of compostable bags and aerated bins with conventional storage systems to collect the organic fraction of municipal solid waste from homes. A Catalonia case study. Waste Management, 33(6), 1381–1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.02.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasapoor, M., Adl, M., & Pourazizi, B. (2016). Comparative evaluation of aeration methods for municipal solid waste composting from the perspective of resource management: A practical case study in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 184, 528–534.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raza, S., & Ahmad, J. (2016). Composting process: A review. International Journal of Biological Research, 4, 102–104. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Razza, F., D’Avino, L., L’Abate, G., & Lazzeri, L. (2018). The role of compost in bio-waste management and circular economy. In E. Benetto, K. Gericke, & M. Guiton (Eds.), Designing sustainable technologies, products and policies: From science to innovation (pp. 133–143). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66981-6_16.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Read, M., Gregory, M. K., & Phillips, P. S. (2009). An evaluation of four key methods for monitoring household waste prevention campaigns in the UK. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(1), 9–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, R. R. (1999). City of pines: The origins of Baguio as a colonial hill station and regional capital (2nd ed.). Baguio City: A-Seven Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reike, D., Vermeulen, W. J. V., & Witjes, S. (2018). The circular economy: New or refurbished as CE 3.0?—exploring controversies in the conceptualization of the circular economy through a focus on history and resource value retention options. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 246–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapuay, G. P. (2005). Ecological solid waste management act of 2000 (RA 9003): A major step to better solid waste management in the Philippines. In International conference on integrated solid waste management in southeast Asian cities, Siem Reap (pp. 51–59).

  • SPSS, I. (2011). IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 200 (p. 440). New York: IBM Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tchobanoglous, G., & Kreith, F. (2002). Handbook of solid waste management (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H., & Vigil, S. A. (1993). Integrated solid waste management: engineering principles and management issues. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tonglet, M., Phillips, P. S., & Read, A. D. (2004). Using the theory of planned behaviour to investigate the determinants of recycling behaviour: a case study from Brixworth, UK. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 41(3), 191–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topal, M. (2017). Determination of the effect of aeration rate on composting of vegetable—fruit wastes. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 39(11), 10141021. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201000537.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallero, D. A. (2019). Waste governance. In T. M. Letcher & D. A. Vallero (Eds.), Waste (pp. 651–671). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Van Fan, Y., Lee, C. T., Klemeš, J. J., Chua, L. S., Sarmidi, M. R., & Leow, C. W. (2018). Evaluation of effective microorganisms on home scale organic waste composting. Journal of Environmental Management, 216, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.019.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vázquez, M. A., & Soto, M. (2017). The efficiency of home composting programmes and compost quality. Waste Management, 64, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.022.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilmink, T. R., & Diener, R. G. (2001). Handbook for commercial and municipal composting in West Virginia. Huntington: Wilmink Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodard, R., Harder, M. K., Bench, M., & Philip, M. (2001). Evaluating the performance of a fortnightly collection of household waste separated into compostables, recyclates and refuse in the south of England. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 31(3), 265–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2019). Solid waste management. World Bank Group. Retrieved April 1, 2019, from www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management.

  • Xu, L., Ling, M., Lu, Y., & Shen, M. (2017). Understanding household waste separation behaviour: Testing the roles of moral, past experience, and perceived policy effectiveness within the theory of planned behaviour. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(4), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Bonifacio St., 2600, Baguio City, Philippines

    Marcelino N. Lunag Jr. & Juanito D. Burguillos

  2. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4027, Laguna, Philippines

    Jessie C. Elauria

Authors
  1. Marcelino N. Lunag Jr.
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jessie C. Elauria
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Juanito D. Burguillos
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcelino N. Lunag Jr..

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 59 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lunag, M.N., Elauria, J.C. & Burguillos, J.D. Community-based bin design approach: an initial stage toward urban composting at a hill station, Philippines. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 3832–3852 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00746-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00746-6

Keywords