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Effect of transnational climate networks on climate experiments: the Nilüfer Municipality, a case from Turkey

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Abstract

Climate change is a serious environmental problem, to be solved only with global participation. However, implementation of global policies is associated closely with national, regional and local processes. For this reason, it is critically important to strengthen our understanding of the diversity of experiments because such urban climate change initiatives may affect the expectations and demands that will be placed on future projects. Moreover, to reveal the effect of the factors, such as participation in transnational networks, on the experiments at local level is also critically important in contextually different settings. From this point of view, the present study aims to present experimentation in addressing climate change in the case of the Nilüfer Municipality in northwestern Turkey and to examine the effect of joining an international network, as a key factor that may support urban climate experiments. The research is designed as a case study built on both primary and secondary sources. The Nilüfer Municipality is selected as the case area as it is the only signatory of Mayors Adapt and one of sixteen signatories of the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) among the 1397 municipalities within the Turkish Republic. Finally, this case study shows that although local governments have not been involved in the climate change policies at the national level in the Turkish context, the Nilüfer Municipality was able to develop its own experiments by being part of a transnational network, especially after signing the Covenant of Mayors in 2014. This finding leads us to the conclusion that supranational organizations can have significant impact on the climate experiments initiation of local governments that are important actors in the implementation of policies to address climate change as a global problem.

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Notes

  1. In the climate policy area, innovation can be interpreted from different perspectives including the source of new elements (invention), their entry into wider use (diffusion) and their subsequent effects (evaluation) (Hildén et al. 2014; Jordan and Huitema 2014).

  2. In the Turkish context, a mayor of municipality is elected by local people within the boundaries of a municipality among the candidates nominated by the political parties. The nomination of Bozbey for the 4th time could be accepted as an indication that the mayor has received the support and appreciation of his party depending on the love and interest that have been shown to him in the local and the works that have been conducted by the mayor. Although he is an elected mayor in his district, being elected is not decisive on the power was given to him by Bursa Metropolitan Municipality and the central government. While the Metropolitan Municipality is managed by a mayor from Justice and Development Party (AKP in Turkish) since 2004, the central government is also ruling by the same party since 2002. In short being powerful within the context of Nilüfer and his party is not mean that the mayor has also same power in Bursa and Turkey.

  3. GHG-e belonging to the District under the control and sanction capacity of the municipality; Emissions related to Municipality’s own activities and those related to anthropological activities in the responsible administrative area are prepared based on the report format of CoM.

  4. Membership cost is determined as 100 TL, about 17 Euros (according to Euro Tl exchange rate in November 2018), and monthly contribution is 10 TL.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Atatürk University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) (Grant Numbers 2015/03).

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    Neslihan Kulozu Uzunboy

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Kulozu Uzunboy, N. Effect of transnational climate networks on climate experiments: the Nilüfer Municipality, a case from Turkey. Environ Dev Sustain 22, 3005–3031 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00332-5

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