Abstract
The implementation of sustainable development requires several support instruments. One of the major instruments in the Rio Declaration to support this process has been environmental assessment that has been given considerable emphasis as to its potential ability to help achieve more sustainable forms of development.
Regional environmental assessment (REA) has shown to be effective in supporting local sustainable development process. Selected environmental assessment methods have been␣used to improve the REA exercise and provide reliable data for decision-making not only to correct environmental problems due to past unsustainable social-economic developments but also help local governments to implement Agenda 21 (AG21) plans and projects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bisset, R. (1994). Development in EIA methods. In P. Wathern (ed), Environmental impact assessment—theory and practice. London: Routledge.
Braun, R. (2004). Municipal incentive model and environmental management scheme for Agenda 21 implementation, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
Braun, R., & Yukizaki, M. F. (1998). ZOPP em Auditoria Ambiental de Projectos de Irrigação (ZOPP in environmental audit of irrigation projects). International Association for Impact Assessment—IAIA 7th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Chapter, from 19 to 21 of August, 1998, IAIA Seção Brasileira (Agosto), pp 121–128.
Braun, R. A. (1988). Desenvolvimento Ambiental na Região do Plano Diretor para o Desenvolvimento do Vale do São Francisco—PLANVASF (Regional Environmental Assessment of the development of PLANVASF—Development Plan of São Francisco Valley). Brasília: Governo Brasileiro/OEA.
Canter, L. W. (1977). Environmental impact assessment. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. McGraw-Hill Series in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering
CETESB (1985). Baixada Santista—Carta do Meio Ambiente e de sua Dinâmica (Environmental chart of Santista lowland and its dynamics). São Paulo: Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental CETESB/DAEE/PNUD/OPS/IMO
CIDIAT-MARNR (1982). Taller Sobre Identificacion de Impactos Ambientales. Caso: Proyecto Carnonífero (Workshop on the Identification of Environmental Impacts. Case Study: Mining Project). Centro Inter-Americano para el Desarollo Integral de Aguas y Tierras CIDIAT—Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recurson Naturales Renovables—MARNR, Zona 5, Junio 1983, Maracaibo.
Clark, B. D. (1999). Sustainable development: Key concepts and the post-Rio Agenda. CORDAH.
Clark, B. D., Chapman, K., Bisset, R., Pearce, K. W., & Wathern, P. (1976). Assessment of major industrial applications: A manual. UK: Project Appraisal for Development Control—PADC, Research Rep. No. 13, Department of the Environment
Dalal-Clayton, B., & Bass, S. (2002). Sustainable development strategies, a resource book. UK/USA: OECD, UNDP, Earthscan Publications Ltd
Dee, N., Baker, J. K., Drobny, K. M., & Fahringer, D. C. (1972). Environmental evaluation system for water resources planning. Ohio: Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, Batelle Columbus Laboratories.
Dias Moreira, I. V. (1992). Origen e Síntese dos Principais Métodos de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (Origin and Synthetis of the Principle Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment). MAIA—1ª edicão, abril 1992—PIAB, Rio de Janeiro.
Eggenberger, M. (1993). Impact assessment and spatial planning: Cantonal guiding plans as an instrument for environmental protection. International Association for Impact Assessment—IAIA, Spring 1993. Impact Assessment, 11(1), 87–99.
Franca, L. P. (1998). Processo de Gestão do Desenvolvimento: Proposta Metodológica de Sistematização das Informações para o Planejamento Participativo (Management of Process Development: Methodological Proposal to Systemize Information for Participatory Planning—Doctoral Thesis), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ/Centre for Energetic Programme—COPPE, Rio de Janeiro
Goodland, R., & Tillman, G. (1995). Strategic environmental assessment—strenthening the environmental assessment process. Washington, DC:The World Bank (Unpublished Discussion Draft)
Kranz, P. (1999). Pequeno Guia da Agenda 21 Local (Small Guide for the Local Agenda 21). Rio de Janeiro: Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente.
Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (1999). Introduction to environmental impact assessment—principles and procedures, process, practise and prospects (2nd ed.), London: UCL Press
GTZ (1997). ZOPP objectives-oriented project planning—a planning guide for new and ongoing projects and programmes. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zuzamenarbeit-GTZ GmbH Unit 04
Lawrence, D. P. (1994). Cumulative effects assessment at the project level. Impact Assessment, International Association for Impact Assessment—IAIA, 12(3), 253–273
IAIA (2002). The linkages between impact assessment and the sustainable development agenda, and recommendations for actions, Statements and policy briefing for the world summit on sustainable development-draft. USA: International Association for Impact Assessment—IAIA, pp 1–23
IBAMA (1995). Avaliação do Impacto Ambiental – Agents Sociais, Procedimentos e Ferramentas (Environmental Impact Assessment – Social Agents, procedures and Tools). Brasília: MMA / Instituto Brasilieiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais—IBAMA/DIRPED/DEPES/DITAM
Lemons, K. E., & Porter, A. L. (1990). A Comparative study of Impact Assessment Methods in Developed and Developing Countries. Impact Assessment Bulletin, International Association for Impact Assessment – IAIA, 10(3), 57–81
Leopold, L. B., Clarke, F. E., Hanshaw, B. B, & Balsley, J. R. (1970) A Procedure for Evaluating Environmental Impact. Washington DC.: Geological Survey Circular 645, thirteenth printing
McHarg, I. (1969). Design With Nature. London: Doublerday, Natural History Press
Minshall , C. W., Dee, N., Griffin, J., & Goodman, F. K. (1973). Development of the Arizona Environmental and Economic Trade-Off Model. Columbus, Ohio: Final Report, Battelle Columbus Labs
MMA: (2000). Agenda 21 Locais (Local Agenda 21). Ministério de Meio Ambiente -MMA, Brasília, file:///HI/yrxb9/Environment/OUTROS/Iniciativas-gf.html
Munn, R. E. (1979). Environmental Impact Assessment. SCOPE 5, Second Edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Ng, T. L (2002). Engagging and Enabling the Public to Participate in Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Protection, Department the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Conference on Restoring Environmental Assessment Tools for Sustainability, 8 – 13 December 2002, Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Partidário, M. R. (1998). ‘Perspectivas Futuras: a emergência da avaliação ambiental estratégica’ (Future Perspectives: the Emergency of Strategic Environmental Assessment), Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, Documentos Ambientais, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente de São Paulo, A963, pp. 69–84
Pfeiffer, P. (1997). Curso de Extensão de Férias: ZOPP—Planejamento de Projetos Orientados para Objetivos—Introdução ao Método (ZOPP participatory objective oriented planning—an introduction to the method). Niterói: Federal Fluminense University-UFF/NEPHU/GEPPU
Rodriguez-Bachiller, A., & Wood, G. (2003). Geographical Informatin System (GIS) and EIA. In P. Moris & R. Therivel (Eds.), Methods of environmental impact assessment, (2nd ed.), London: Spon Press
Sadler, B., & Verheem, R. (1996). Strategic environmental assessment: Status, challenges and future directions. Netherlands: Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment
Silveira, G. N., & Maciel, N. C. (1998). Instrumentos de Controle Ambiental (Environmental Control Instruments). In (CREA-RJ / ABENC-RJ) Curso Prático de Perícias e Auditorias de Engenharia Ambiental, Estudo de Impacto Ambiental, pp 109–120
Shopley, J. B. (1981). Environmental impact analysis: The identification of secondary impacts. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of a Master of Science degree in the School of Environmental Studies, University of Cape Town, Cape Town
Spaling, H. (1994). Cumulative effects assessment: Concepts and principles. Impact Assessment, International Association for Impact Assessment—IAIA, 12(3), 231–254
Thérivel, R., & Partidário, M. R. (1996). The practise of strategic environmental assessment. London: Earthscan
Verheem, R. (2002). Dutch Recommendations for Sustainability Assessment, Environmental Protection, Department the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Conference on Restoring Environmental Assessment Tools for Sustainability, 8–13 December 2002, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Verheem, R. (2003). SEA concept and practise. Department for International Development (DFID), Workshop on Strategic Environmental Assessment/Sustainability Appraisal, in collaboration with the OECD DAC Environment Task Team on SEA/SIA, 13/October/2003, Environmental Resource Management—ERM, pp 2–5
Wathern, P. (1994). An introductory guide to EIA. In P. Wathern (Ed), Environmental impact assessment—theory and practice. London: Routledge. pp 54–60
World Bank (1996). Regional Environmental Assessment. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update, June(15), 1–10
Acknowledgements
The present study is based upon the PhD thesis developed by the author at the Department of Geography and Environment, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. I should like to thank very much my supervisor Professor Brian D. Clark for providing important guidance, knowledge and support during the development of the Ph.D. thesis. I should also like to thank Dr. Peter Pfeiffer for providing relevant orientation in field of ZOPP planning and municipal environmental management. I am also grateful to Roberta Daudt for her most importantly help for the designing and elaborating figures and maps in the present study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Braun, R. Regional environmental assessment (REA) and local Agenda 21 implementation. Environ Dev Sustain 10, 19–39 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-006-9036-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-006-9036-5