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Spatial attributes and reserve design models: A review

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A variety of decision models have been formulated for the optimal selection of nature reserve sites to represent a diversity of species or other conservation features. Unfortunately, many of these models tend to select scattered sites and do not take into account important spatial attributes such as reserve shape and connectivity. These attributes are likely to affect not only the persistence of species but also the general ecological functioning of reserves and the ability to effectively manage them. In response, researchers have begun formulating reserve design models that improve spatial coherence by controlling spatial attributes. We review the spatial attributes that are thought to be important in reserve design and also review reserve design models that incorporate one or more of these attributes. Spatial modeling issues, computational issues, and the trade-offs among competing optimization objectives are discussed. Directions for future research are identified. Ultimately, an argument is made for the development of models that capture the dynamic interdependencies among sites and species populations and thus incorporate the reasons why spatial attributes are important.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Sharon Kingsland for her thoughtful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This research was supported by a grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Interdisciplinary Science Program. We gratefully acknowledge their support.

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  1. Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    Justin C. Williams & Charles S. ReVelle

  2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA

    Simon A. Levin

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Williams, J.C., ReVelle, C.S. & Levin, S.A. Spatial attributes and reserve design models: A review. Environ Model Assess 10, 163–181 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-005-9007-5

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