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Studying logging practice in test code

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Abstract

Logging is widely used in modern software development to record run-time information for software systems and plays a significant role in software testing. Although the research area of logging has attracted much attention, little attention is paid to the practice of test logging (i.e., the logging involved in test files). To fill this knowledge gap, we conduct this empirical study to explore and disclose the practice of test logging. This study examines 21 open-source subjects with \(\sim \)70K logging statements, of which \(\sim \)48K are production logging statements and \(\sim \)22K are test logging statements. We organize our study by answering four research questions, and as a result, (1) we have yielded five findings to reveal the differences between test and production logging statements, (2) we have disclosed four findings regarding the differences between the maintenance efforts of test and production logging statements, (3) we have identified four reasons why developers use test log, and (4) we have uncovered the relationship between test logging and production logging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the logging practices in test and production code, providing developers and researchers with insight into this topic.

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Notes

  1. Scripts and data files used in our research are available online and can be found here: https://github.com/senseconcordia/TestLoggingPractice

  2. https://www.srcml.org/

  3. In this work, we refer to test outputs as the log messages produced during the execution of the unit tests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Haonan Zhang, Yiming Tang & Weiyi Shang

  2. Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Maxime Lamothe & Heng Li

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  1. Haonan Zhang
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  2. Yiming Tang
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  3. Maxime Lamothe
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  5. Weiyi Shang
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Correspondence to Yiming Tang.

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Communicated by: Shaukat Ali

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Zhang, H., Tang, Y., Lamothe, M. et al. Studying logging practice in test code. Empir Software Eng 27, 83 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10139-0

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