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Effects of urbanization and accessibility to sanitation services on water quality in urban streams in Uruguay

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Abstract

The world’s urban population is growing rapidly, and threatening natural ecosystems, especially streams. Urbanization leads to stream alterations, increased peak flow frequencies, and reduced water quality due to pollutants, morphological changes, and biodiversity loss, known as the urban stream syndrome. However, a shift towards recognizing urban streams as valuable natural systems is occurring, emphasizing green infrastructure and nature-based solutions. This study in Uruguay examined water quality in various watersheds with different urbanization levels and socio-environmental characteristics along a precipitation gradient. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and in situ data, we assessed physicochemical parameters, generated territorial variables, and identified key predictors of water quality. We found that urbanization, particularly urban areas, paved areas, and populations without sanitation, significantly influenced water quality parameters. These factors explained over 50% of the variation in water quality indicators. However, the relationship between urbanization and water quality was non-linear, with abrupt declines after specific urban intensity thresholds. Our results illustrate that ensuring sanitation networks and managing green areas effectively are essential for preserving urban stream water quality. This research underscores the importance of interdisciplinary teams and localized data for informed freshwater resource management.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out by our working group belonging to the Núcleo Interdisciplinario Agua y Ciudad. We thank Sofía Rameau, Nicolás Rezzano, Matías Santa Cruz for their help in sampling, as well as Claudia Fosalba for the water nutrient analysis from the Department of Ecology and Environmental Management, Universidad de la República, CURE.

Funding

This work was supported by the Universidad de la República—Espacio Interdisciplinario and Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Cientifica (CSIC). FTM, EA, and CL also were supported by PEDECIBA and SNI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de la República, CURE Tacuarembó, 20100, Maldonado, Uruguay

    Franco Teixeira de Mello, Bárbara Suárez & Lucía Urtado

  2. Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, Facultad de Arquitectura Diseño y Urbanismo, Universidad de la República, Br. Artigas, 1031, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Pablo Sierra, Jimena Alvarez, Lucia Arimon & Adriana Piperno

  3. Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil

    Dieison A. Moi

  4. Instituto de Mecánica de Fluidos e Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La República, J. Herrera y Reissig 565, C.P, 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Jimena Alonso

  5. Laboratorio de Ecología Fluvial, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Paysandú, Uruguay

    Christine Lucas

  6. Departamento del Agua, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay

    Elena Alvareda

  7. Laboratorio Química Ambiental, Área de Gestión Ambiental, Comisión Técnica Mixta de Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay

    María Soledad Andrade

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  1. Franco Teixeira de Mello
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Contributions

Franco Teixeira de Mello: funding acquisition, conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing—review and editing. Pablo Sierra: funding acquisition, conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing —original draft, data curation, visualization, writing—review and editing. Dieison A. Moi: formal analysis, visualization, writing—review and editing. Jimena Alonso, Christine Lucas, Elena Alvareda, María Soledad Andrade, Lucía Urtado: investigation, methodology, visualization, writing—review and editing. Jimena Alvarez, Lucía Arimon, Bárbara Suárez: investigation, methodology, data curation, visualization, writing—review and editing. Adriana Piperno: funding acquisition, conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft, data curation, visualization, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Franco Teixeira de Mello or Adriana Piperno.

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Teixeira de Mello, F., Sierra, P., Moi, D.A. et al. Effects of urbanization and accessibility to sanitation services on water quality in urban streams in Uruguay. Environ Monit Assess 196, 185 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12365-z

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