Abstract
The entire ecology is contaminated by the synthetic dyes that are widely utilised in the textile industries. They can be handled using a variety of technologies, but an eco-friendly method called electrocoagulation has been used to prevent additional contamination. Textile wastewater containing disperse dyes are successfully treated in Electrocoagulation (EC) utilizing Al, Fe, and Stainless Steel (SS), but it is not cost effective, also the treated water contains certain mg/L of the metals used, along with dye components, which obstructs the reuse of the same. The effects of initial pH, applied voltage, dye concentration, supporting electrolyte, and treatment time on the colour removal efficiency (CRE) and consumption of energy were examined in EC process followed by activated charcoal filtration (hybrid process) with a monopolar Ti/Ti electrode on the remediation of aqueous solution of Dispersive Blue-79 (dye 3G). The maximum CREobtained was 99.4%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 93%, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) 85%, under the following optimized operating conditions, applied voltage 15 V, pH = 7, concentration of dye, electrolyte 110 mg/L, 0.2 g/L and time = 15 min. The overall operating cost for the treatment of aqueous dye 3G was 0.455US/m3. The mechanism of EC was studied using XPS analysis in the sludge obtained. For the purpose of the reuse, FTIR, AAS, and ICP-OES analysis were done and compared with the aqueous dye 3G, after EC and hybrid process to ensure the maximum removal of the degraded dye components and metal. ICP-OES results showed that there were no traces of metal in the treated aqueous dye 3G using this method. Throughout the study, the experimental outcomes indicated that the hybrid process upgraded the quality of the treated aqueous dye 3G.
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Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are gratified for the provision acquired in their research work from the faculties in the Department of Applied Chemistry and Water Institute, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, to complete this work.
Funding
This work was supported by TamilNadu State Council for Science and Technology, Student Project Scheme [Grant number –ES- 326].
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Sahaya Leenus Sebastian: Experiments, Analysis and documentation of results.
Parameswari Kalivel: conceptualization, methodology, overall preparation of the manuscript.
Kavitha Subbiah: Phytotoxicity study.
Jovitha Jane David: Manuscript editing.
Asath Murphy Maria Stephen: Manuscript editing.
Jegathambal Palanichamy: supervision.
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Sebastian, S.L., Kalivel, P., Subbiah, K. et al. Electrocoagulation using Ti/Ti for the remediation and reuse of aqueous Dispersive Blue-79. Environ Monit Assess 196, 177 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12320-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12320-y