Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, and Hg in the typical greenhouse vegetable soils in Shenyang, Northeast of China, were determined, and the pollution characteristics and primary sources of heavy mental pollution in soil were analyzed. Results showed that the sum of the mean values of eight typical heavy metals in the soil of the greenhouse soils was 219.79 mg/kg. According to the “Chinese Environmental Quality Evaluation Standard for Farmland of Greenhouse Vegetables Production” (HJ/T 333-2006), the concentrations of Cu (33.50 ± 11.99 mg/kg), Cd (0.246 ± 0.156 mg/kg), and Hg (0.214 ± 0.177 mg/kg) exceeded the limit values in 14.29%, 39.29%, and 39.29% of sampling points, respectively. The single factor pollution index and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal elements showed that most greenhouse soils were at safety, alert, or light pollution levels. The potential ecological risk index (RI = 505.19) showed that 42.86% of the samples were at high or very high risk and Cd and Hg were the main ecological risk factors. Based on the result of correlation analysis, the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) differentiated sources of heavy metal pollution in the study area into four components, including fertilizer input, soil parent material, pesticide spraying and raw coal combustion, and plastic film mulching, which accounted for 36.76%, 22.64%, 20.89%, and 19.71%, respectively, of the total sources of heavy metals.
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Acknowledgements
The authors expressed gratitude to Liaoning Huadian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., for assistance with collection of soil samples and Xiuying Li and Xinxin Li for their assistance in the chemical analysis.
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This research was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 41771200) and the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants (no. PY21003).
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XS and XZ designed the research; XZ, YH, and HZ performed the experiment and analyzed data; XZ wrote the article; YL and XZ revised the article; XS supervised this study and reviewed, revised, and approved the article.
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Zhang, X., Song, X., Zhang, H. et al. Source apportionment and risk assessment of heavy metals in typical greenhouse vegetable soils in Shenyang, China. Environ Monit Assess 196, 72 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12250-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12250-1