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Urban tropical freshwater ponds as microplastics hotspots—insight on abundance and characteristics using an improved sampling technique

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Abstract

This study elucidates the distribution and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) in 20 tropical freshwater ponds, located in the urban settlement of Raipur city in state of Chhattisgarh, India. The ponds were divided into 4 groups based on the habitat types to understand the influence of land use patterns and human activity on the distribution of MPs. Here, we provide an improved sampling technique that is economical, traditional, indigenous, independent of vessels or structures, and replicable for smaller waterbodies. The efficiency of the proposed method is closer to the traditional boat-based net sampling technique. MPs are ubiquitous in surface water samples of all 20 ponds. The average abundance of MPs was 2.52 ± 1.28 particles/L for bucket samples and 2.93 ± 1.34 particles/L for net samples. Among extracted MPs, fragments, films, and foams were dominant. MPs within size class 1 mm to 500 μm were prevailing for both bucket samples and tube-net samples. Color-wise, white/transparent and black MPs were abundant in both types of samples while the majority of MPs were polyethylene and polystyrene. The tube-net sampling method is economical and replicable and provides comparable results. This can help study MPs distribution in smaller inland waterbodies where boats and structures are not readily available to conduct net sampling. We provide the first insight into the distribution of MPs in urban ponds, and the results can be used to determine the ubiquity of MPs in urban ponds located in different regions of the subcontinent.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all individuals who supported this research at various levels of engagement. Authors express their gratitude to Laura Markley (She/Her)—PhD Candidate, Syracuse University, Dr. Win Cowger, PhD (He/Him)—Research Scientist, Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research, and Dr. Steve Allen, PhD—Postdoctoral Fellow, Dalhousie University for their valuable suggestions, guidance, and support. We would also like to acknowledge the constant motivation and guidance received from his Director, NIT Raipur,  Mr. Arvind Swarnakar and Mr. Vishal Kumar.

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India

    Kshitij Upadhyay & Samir Bajpai

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  1. Kshitij Upadhyay
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KU—conceptualization of the project, sample collection, processing and analysis of microplastics, data analysis, draft manuscript write up, and final preparation. SB—mentor. overall supervision of project, manuscript editing, and review.

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Upadhyay, K., Bajpai, S. Urban tropical freshwater ponds as microplastics hotspots—insight on abundance and characteristics using an improved sampling technique. Environ Monit Assess 196, 73 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12188-4

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